Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

今天就跟大家聊聊有关Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则，可能很多人都不太了解，为了让大家更加了解，小编给大家总结了以下内容，希望大家根据这篇文章可以有所收获。

成都创新互联是由多位在大型网络公司、广告设计公司的优秀设计人员和策划人员组成的一个具有丰富经验的团队，其中包括网站策划、网页美工、网站程序员、网页设计师、平面广告设计师、网络营销人员及形象策划。承接：网站设计、成都网站制作、网站改版、网页设计制作、网站建设与维护、网络推广、数据库开发,以高性价比制作企业网站、行业门户平台等全方位的服务。

理解Prometheus及其抽象概念

从下图我们将看到所有组成Prometheus生态的组件：

以下是与本文相关的术语，大家可以快速了解：

Prometheus Server：在时序数据库中抓取和存储指标的主要组件
抓取：一种拉取方法以获取指标。它通常以10-60秒的时间间隔抓取。
Target：检索数据的server客户端
服务发现：启用Prometheus，使其能够识别它需要监控的应用程序并在动态环境中拉取指标
Alert Manager：负责处理警报的组件（包括silencing、inhibition、聚合告警信息，并通过邮件、PagerDuty、Slack等方式发送告警通知）。
数据可视化：抓取的数据存储在本地存储中，并使用PromQL直接查询，或通过Grafana dashboard查看。

理解Prometheus Operator

根据Prometheus Operator的项目所有者CoreOS称，Prometheus Operator可以配置原生Kubernetes并且可以管理和操作Prometheus和Alertmanager集群。

该Operator引入了以下Kubernetes自定义资源定义（CRDs）：Prometheus、ServiceMonitor、PrometheusRule和Alertmanager。如果你想了解更多内容可以访问链接：

https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/blob/master/Documentation/design.md

在我们的演示中，我们将使用PrometheusRule来定义自定义规则。

首先，我们需要使用 stable/prometheus-operator Helm chart来安装Prometheus Operator，下载链接：

https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus-operator

默认安装程序将会部署以下组件：prometheus-operator、prometheus、alertmanager、node-exporter、kube-state-metrics以及grafana。默认状态下，Prometheus将会抓取Kubernetes的主要组件：kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager以及etcd。

安装Prometheus软件

前期准备

要顺利执行此次demo，你需要准备以下内容：

一个Google Cloud Platform账号（免费套餐即可）。其他任意云也可以
Rancher v2.3.5（发布文章时的最新版本）
运行在GKE（版本1.15.9-gke.12.）上的Kubernetes集群（使用EKS或AKS也可以）
在计算机上安装好Helm binary

启动一个Rancher实例

直接按照这一直观的入门指南进行操作即可：

https://rancher.com/quick-start

使用Rancher部署一个GKE集群

使用Rancher来设置和配置你的Kubernetes集群：

https://rancher.com/docs/rancher/v2.x/en/cluster-provisioning/hosted-kubernetes-clusters/gke/

部署完成后，并且为kubeconfig文件配置了适当的credential和端点信息，就可以使用kubectl指向该特定集群。

部署Prometheus 软件

首先，检查一下我们所运行的Helm版本

$ helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.1.2", GitCommit:"d878d4d45863e42fd5cff6743294a11d28a9abce", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.13.8"}

当我们使用Helm 3时，我们需要添加一个stable 镜像仓库，因为默认状态下不会设置该仓库。

$ helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
"stable" has been added to your repositories

$ helm repo update
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈ Happy Helming!⎈

$ helm repo list
NAME    URL
stable  https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com

Helm配置完成后，我们可以开始安装prometheus-operator

$ kubectl create namespace monitoring
namespace/monitoring created

$ helm install --namespace monitoring demo stable/prometheus-operator
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
manifest_sorter.go:192: info: skipping unknown hook: "crd-install"
NAME: demo
LAST DEPLOYED: Sat Mar 14 09:40:35 2020
NAMESPACE: monitoring
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
The Prometheus Operator has been installed. Check its status by running:
  kubectl --namespace monitoring get pods -l "release=demo"

Visit https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator for instructions on how
to create & configure Alertmanager and Prometheus instances using the Operator.

规则

除了监控之外，Prometheus还让我们创建触发告警的规则。这些规则基于Prometheus的表达式语言。只要满足条件，就会触发告警并将其发送到Alertmanager。之后，我们会看到规则的具体形式。

我们回到demo。Helm完成部署之后，我们可以检查已经创建了什么pod：

$ kubectl -n monitoring get pods
NAME                                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager-0   2/2     Running   0          61s
demo-grafana-5576fbf669-9l57b                          3/3     Running   0          72s
demo-kube-state-metrics-67bf64b7f4-4786k               1/1     Running   0          72s
demo-prometheus-node-exporter-ll8zx                    1/1     Running   0          72s
demo-prometheus-node-exporter-nqnr6                    1/1     Running   0          72s
demo-prometheus-node-exporter-sdndf                    1/1     Running   0          72s
demo-prometheus-operator-operator-b9c9b5457-db9dj      2/2     Running   0          72s
prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0       3/3     Running   1          50s

为了从web浏览器中访问Prometheus和Alertmanager，我们需要使用port转发。

由于本例中使用的是GCP实例，并且所有的kubectl命令都从该实例运行，因此我们使用实例的外部IP地址访问资源。

$ kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 -n monitoring prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0 9090  >/dev/null 2>&1 &

$ kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 -n monitoring alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager-0 9093  >/dev/null 2>&1 &

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

“Alert”选项卡向我们展示了所有当前正在运行/已配置的告警。也可以通过查询名称为prometheusrules的CRD从CLI进行检查：

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

$ kubectl -n monitoring get prometheusrules
NAME                                                            AGE
demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules                     3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-etcd                                   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-general.rules                          3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-k8s.rules                              3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kube-apiserver-error                   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kube-apiserver.rules                   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kube-prometheus-node-recording.rules   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kube-scheduler.rules                   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-absent                      3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-apps                        3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-resources                   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-storage                     3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system                      3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-apiserver            3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-controller-manager   3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-kubelet              3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-scheduler            3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-node-exporter                          3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-node-exporter.rules                    3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-node-network                           3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-node-time                              3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-node.rules                             3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus                             3m21s
demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-operator                    3m21s

我们也可以检查位于prometheus容器中prometheus-operator Pod中的物理文件。

$ kubectl -n monitoring exec -it prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0 -- /bin/sh
Defaulting container name to prometheus.
Use 'kubectl describe pod/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0 -n monitoring' to see all of the containers in this pod.

在容器中，我们可以检查规则的存储路径：

/prometheus $ ls /etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0/
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules.yaml                    monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-apiserver.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-etcd.yaml                                  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-controller-manager.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-general.rules.yaml                         monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-kubelet.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-k8s.rules.yaml                             monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system-scheduler.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kube-apiserver-error.yaml                  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-system.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kube-apiserver.rules.yaml                  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-node-exporter.rules.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kube-prometheus-node-recording.rules.yaml  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-node-exporter.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kube-scheduler.rules.yaml                  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-node-network.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-absent.yaml                     monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-node-time.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-apps.yaml                       monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-node.rules.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-resources.yaml                  monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-operator.yaml
monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-kubernetes-storage.yaml                    monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus.yaml

为了详细了解如何将这些规则加载到Prometheus中，请检查Pod的详细信息。我们可以看到用于prometheus容器的配置文件是etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml。该配置文件向我们展示了文件的位置或重新检查yaml的频率设置。

$ kubectl -n monitoring describe pod prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0

完整命令输出如下：

Name:           prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0
Namespace:      monitoring
Priority:       0
Node:           gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq/10.132.0.15
Start Time:     Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:06:47 +0000
Labels:         app=prometheus
                controller-revision-hash=prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-5ccbbd8578
                prometheus=demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus
                statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name=prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0
Annotations:    
Status:         Running
IP:             10.40.0.7
IPs:            
Controlled By:  StatefulSet/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus
Containers:
  prometheus:
    Container ID:  docker://360db8a9f1cce8d72edd81fcdf8c03fe75992e6c2c59198b89807aa0ce03454c
    Image:         quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.15.2
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://quay.io/prometheus/prometheus@sha256:914525123cf76a15a6aaeac069fcb445ce8fb125113d1bc5b15854bc1e8b6353
    Port:          9090/TCP
    Host Port:     0/TCP
    Args:
      --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles
      --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries
      --config.file=/etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml
      --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
      --storage.tsdb.retention.time=10d
      --web.enable-lifecycle
      --storage.tsdb.no-lockfile
      --web.external-url=http://demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus.monitoring:9090
      --web.route-prefix=/
    State:       Running
      Started:   Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:07:07 +0000
    Last State:  Terminated
      Reason:    Error
      Message:    caller=main.go:648 msg="Starting TSDB ..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.185Z caller=web.go:506 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.192Z caller=head.go:584 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.192Z caller=head.go:632 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:663 fs_type=EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:664 msg="TSDB started"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:734 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:517 msg="Stopping scrape discovery manager..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:531 msg="Stopping notify discovery manager..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:553 msg="Stopping scrape manager..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=manager.go:814 component="rule manager" msg="Stopping rule manager..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=manager.go:820 component="rule manager" msg="Rule manager stopped"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:513 msg="Scrape discovery manager stopped"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:527 msg="Notify discovery manager stopped"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.194Z caller=main.go:547 msg="Scrape manager stopped"
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.197Z caller=notifier.go:598 component=notifier msg="Stopping notification manager..."
level=info ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.197Z caller=main.go:718 msg="Notifier manager stopped"
level=error ts=2020-03-11T18:07:02.197Z caller=main.go:727 err="error loading config from \"/etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml\": couldn't load configuration (--config.file=\"/etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml\"): open /etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml: no such file or directory"

      Exit Code:    1
      Started:      Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:07:02 +0000
      Finished:     Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:07:02 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  1
    Liveness:       http-get http://:web/-/healthy delay=0s timeout=3s period=5s #success=1 #failure=6
    Readiness:      http-get http://:web/-/ready delay=0s timeout=3s period=5s #success=1 #failure=120
    Environment:    
    Mounts:
      /etc/prometheus/certs from tls-assets (ro)
      /etc/prometheus/config_out from config-out (ro)
      /etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0 from prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0 (rw)
      /prometheus from prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-db (rw)
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr (ro)
  prometheus-config-reloader:
    Container ID:  docker://de27cdad7067ebd5154c61b918401b2544299c161850daf3e317311d2d17af3d
    Image:         quay.io/coreos/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.37.0
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://quay.io/coreos/prometheus-config-reloader@sha256:5e870e7a99d55a5ccf086063efd3263445a63732bc4c04b05cf8b664f4d0246e
    Port:          
    Host Port:     
    Command:
      /bin/prometheus-config-reloader
    Args:
      --log-format=logfmt
      --reload-url=http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload
      --config-file=/etc/prometheus/config/prometheus.yaml.gz
      --config-envsubst-file=/etc/prometheus/config_out/prometheus.env.yaml
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:07:04 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     100m
      memory:  25Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:     100m
      memory:  25Mi
    Environment:
      POD_NAME:  prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0 (v1:metadata.name)
    Mounts:
      /etc/prometheus/config from config (rw)
      /etc/prometheus/config_out from config-out (rw)
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr (ro)
  rules-configmap-reloader:
    Container ID:  docker://5804e45380ed1b5374a4c2c9ee4c9c4e365bee93b9ccd8b5a21f50886ea81a91
    Image:         quay.io/coreos/configmap-reload:v0.0.1
    Image ID:      docker-pullable://quay.io/coreos/configmap-reload@sha256:e2fd60ff0ae4500a75b80ebaa30e0e7deba9ad107833e8ca53f0047c42c5a057
    Port:          
    Host Port:     
    Args:
      --webhook-url=http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload
      --volume-dir=/etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:07:06 +0000
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     100m
      memory:  25Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:        100m
      memory:     25Mi
    Environment:  
    Mounts:
      /etc/prometheus/rules/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0 from prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0 (rw)
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  config:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus
    Optional:    false
  tls-assets:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-tls-assets
    Optional:    false
  config-out:
    Type:       EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)
    Medium:
    SizeLimit:  
  prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0:
    Type:      ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:      prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-rulefiles-0
    Optional:  false
  prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-db:
    Type:       EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)
    Medium:
    SizeLimit:  
  demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       Burstable
Node-Selectors:  
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age                    From                                          Message
  ----    ------     ----                   ----                                          -------
  Normal  Scheduled  4m51s                  default-scheduler                             Successfully assigned monitoring/prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-0 to gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq
  Normal  Pulling    4m45s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Pulling image "quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.15.2"
  Normal  Pulled     4m39s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Successfully pulled image "quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.15.2"
  Normal  Pulling    4m36s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Pulling image "quay.io/coreos/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.37.0"
  Normal  Pulled     4m35s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Successfully pulled image "quay.io/coreos/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.37.0"
  Normal  Pulling    4m34s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Pulling image "quay.io/coreos/configmap-reload:v0.0.1"
  Normal  Started    4m34s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Started container prometheus-config-reloader
  Normal  Created    4m34s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Created container prometheus-config-reloader
  Normal  Pulled     4m33s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Successfully pulled image "quay.io/coreos/configmap-reload:v0.0.1"
  Normal  Created    4m32s (x2 over 4m36s)  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Created container prometheus
  Normal  Created    4m32s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Created container rules-configmap-reloader
  Normal  Started    4m32s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Started container rules-configmap-reloader
  Normal  Pulled     4m32s                  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Container image "quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.15.2" already present on machine
  Normal  Started    4m31s (x2 over 4m36s)  kubelet, gke-c-7dkls-default-0-c6ca178a-gmcq  Started container prometheus

让我们清理默认规则，使得我们可以更好地观察我们将要创建的那个规则。以下命令将删除所有规则，但会留下monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules。

$ kubectl -n monitoring delete prometheusrules $(kubectl -n monitoring get prometheusrules | grep -v alert)

$ kubectl -n monitoring get prometheusrules
NAME                                          AGE
demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules   8m53s

请注意：我们只保留一条规则是为了让demo更容易。但是有一条规则，你绝对不能删除，它位于monitoring-demo-prometheus-operator-general.rules.yaml中，被称为看门狗。该告警总是处于触发状态，其目的是确保整个告警流水线正常运转。

让我们从CLI中检查我们留下的规则并将其与我们将在浏览器中看到的进行比较。

$ kubectl -n monitoring describe prometheusrule demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
Name:         demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
Namespace:    monitoring
Labels:       app=prometheus-operator
              chart=prometheus-operator-8.12.1
              heritage=Tiller
              release=demo
Annotations:  prometheus-operator-validated: true
API Version:  monitoring.coreos.com/v1
Kind:         PrometheusRule
Metadata:
  Creation Timestamp:  2020-03-11T18:06:25Z
  Generation:          1
  Resource Version:    4871
  Self Link:           /apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/namespaces/monitoring/prometheusrules/demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
  UID:                 6a84dbb0-feba-4f17-b3dc-4b6486818bc0
Spec:
  Groups:
    Name:  alertmanager.rules
    Rules:
      Alert:  AlertmanagerConfigInconsistent
      Annotations:
        Message:  The configuration of the instances of the Alertmanager cluster `{{$labels.service}}` are out of sync.
      Expr:       count_values("config_hash", alertmanager_config_hash{job="demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager",namespace="monitoring"}) BY (service) / ON(service) GROUP_LEFT() label_replace(max(prometheus_operator_spec_replicas{job="demo-prometheus-operator-operator",namespace="monitoring",controller="alertmanager"}) by (name, job, namespace, controller), "service", "$1", "name", "(.*)") != 1
      For:        5m
      Labels:
        Severity:  critical
      Alert:       AlertmanagerFailedReload
      Annotations:
        Message:  Reloading Alertmanager's configuration has failed for {{ $labels.namespace }}/{{ $labels.pod}}.
      Expr:       alertmanager_config_last_reload_successful{job="demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager",namespace="monitoring"} == 0
      For:        10m
      Labels:
        Severity:  warning
      Alert:       AlertmanagerMembersInconsistent
      Annotations:
        Message:  Alertmanager has not found all other members of the cluster.
      Expr:       alertmanager_cluster_members{job="demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager",namespace="monitoring"}
  != on (service) GROUP_LEFT()
count by (service) (alertmanager_cluster_members{job="demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager",namespace="monitoring"})
      For:  5m
      Labels:
        Severity:  critical
Events:

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

让我们移除所有默认告警并创建一个我们自己的告警：

$ kubectl -n monitoring edit prometheusrules demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
prometheusrule.monitoring.coreos.com/demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules edited

我们的自定义告警如下所示：

$ kubectl -n monitoring describe prometheusrule demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
Name:         demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
Namespace:    monitoring
Labels:       app=prometheus-operator
              chart=prometheus-operator-8.12.1
              heritage=Tiller
              release=demo
Annotations:  prometheus-operator-validated: true
API Version:  monitoring.coreos.com/v1
Kind:         PrometheusRule
Metadata:
  Creation Timestamp:  2020-03-11T18:06:25Z
  Generation:          3
  Resource Version:    18180
  Self Link:           /apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/namespaces/monitoring/prometheusrules/demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager.rules
  UID:                 6a84dbb0-feba-4f17-b3dc-4b6486818bc0
Spec:
  Groups:
    Name:  alertmanager.rules
    Rules:
      Alert:  PodHighCpuLoad
      Annotations:
        Message:  Alertmanager has found {{ $labels.instance }} with CPU too high
      Expr:       rate (container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{pod_name=~"nginx-.*", image!="", container!="POD"}[5m])  > 0.04
      For:        1m
      Labels:
        Severity:  critical
Events:

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

以下是我们创建的告警的选项：

annotation：描述告警的信息标签集。
expr：由PromQL写的表达式
for：可选参数，设置了之后会告诉Prometheus在定义的时间段内告警是否处于active状态。仅在此定义时间后才会触发告警。
label：可以附加到告警的额外标签。如果你想了解更多关于告警的信息，可以访问： https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/alerting_rules/

现在我们已经完成了Prometheus告警的设置，让我们配置Alertmanager，使得我们能够通过电子邮件获得告警通知。Alertmanager的配置位于Kubernetes secret对象中。

$ kubectl get secrets -n monitoring
NAME                                                        TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager          Opaque                                1      32m
default-token-x4rgq                                         kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      37m
demo-grafana                                                Opaque                                3      32m
demo-grafana-test-token-p6qnk                               kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-grafana-token-ff6nl                                    kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-kube-state-metrics-token-vmvbr                         kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-prometheus-node-exporter-token-wlnk9                   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-prometheus-operator-admission                          Opaque                                3      32m
demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager-token-rrx4k           kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-prometheus-operator-operator-token-q9744               kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-token-jvbrr             kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus              Opaque                                1      31m
prometheus-demo-prometheus-operator-prometheus-tls-assets   Opaque                                0      31m

我们只对alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager感兴趣。让我们看一下：

kubectl -n monitoring get secret alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  alertmanager.yaml: Z2xvYmFsOgogIHJlc29sdmVfdGltZW91dDogNW0KcmVjZWl2ZXJzOgotIG5hbWU6ICJudWxsIgpyb3V0ZToKICBncm91cF9ieToKICAtIGpvYgogIGdyb3VwX2ludGVydmFsOiA1bQogIGdyb3VwX3dhaXQ6IDMwcwogIHJlY2VpdmVyOiAibnVsbCIKICByZXBlYXRfaW50ZXJ2YWw6IDEyaAogIHJvdXRlczoKICAtIG1hdGNoOgogICAgICBhbGVydG5hbWU6IFdhdGNoZG9nCiAgICByZWNlaXZlcjogIm51bGwiCg==
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2020-03-11T18:06:24Z"
  labels:
    app: prometheus-operator-alertmanager
    chart: prometheus-operator-8.12.1
    heritage: Tiller
    release: demo
  name: alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager
  namespace: monitoring
  resourceVersion: "3018"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/monitoring/secrets/alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager
  uid: 6baf6883-f690-47a1-bb49-491935956c22
type: Opaque

alertmanager.yaml字段是由base64编码的，让我们看看：

$ echo 'Z2xvYmFsOgogIHJlc29sdmVfdGltZW91dDogNW0KcmVjZWl2ZXJzOgotIG5hbWU6ICJudWxsIgpyb3V0ZToKICBncm91cF9ieToKICAtIGpvYgogIGdyb3VwX2ludGVydmFsOiA1bQogIGdyb3VwX3dhaXQ6IDMwcwogIHJlY2VpdmVyOiAibnVsbCIKICByZXBlYXRfaW50ZXJ2YWw6IDEyaAogIHJvdXRlczoKICAtIG1hdGNoOgogICAgICBhbGVydG5hbWU6IFdhdGNoZG9nCiAgICByZWNlaXZlcjogIm51bGwiCg==' | base64 --decode
global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
receivers:
- name: "null"
route:
  group_by:
  - job
  group_interval: 5m
  group_wait: 30s
  receiver: "null"
  repeat_interval: 12h
  routes:
  - match:
      alertname: Watchdog
    receiver: "null"

正如我们所看到的，这是默认的Alertmanager配置。你也可以在Alertmanager UI的Status选项卡中查看此配置。接下来，我们来对它进行一些更改——在本例中为发送邮件：

$ cat alertmanager.yaml
global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
  group_by: [Alertname]
  # Send all notifications to me.
  receiver: demo-alert
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 12h
  routes:
  - match:
      alertname: DemoAlertName
    receiver: 'demo-alert'

receivers:
- name: demo-alert
  email_configs:
  - to: your_email@gmail.com
    from: from_email@gmail.com
    # Your smtp server address
    smarthost: smtp.gmail.com:587
    auth_username: from_email@gmail.com
    auth_identity: from_email@gmail.com
    auth_password: 16letter_generated token # you can use gmail account password, but better create a dedicated token for this
    headers:
      From: from_email@gmail.com
      Subject: 'Demo ALERT'

首先，我们需要对此进行编码：

$  cat alertmanager.yaml | base64 -w0

我们获得编码输出后，我们需要在我们将要应用的yaml文件中填写它：

cat alertmanager-secret-k8s.yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  alertmanager.yaml: 
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager
  namespace: monitoring
type: Opaque

$ kubectl apply -f alertmanager-secret-k8s.yaml
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
secret/alertmanager-demo-prometheus-operator-alertmanager configured

该配置将会自动重新加载并在UI中显示更改。

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

接下来，我们部署一些东西来对其进行监控。对于本例而言，一个简单的nginx deployment已经足够：

$ cat nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 # for versions before 1.9.0 use apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 3 # tells deployment to run 2 pods matching the template
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

$ kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

根据配置yaml，我们有3个副本：

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-5754944d6c-7g6gq   1/1     Running   0          67s
nginx-deployment-5754944d6c-lhvx8   1/1     Running   0          67s
nginx-deployment-5754944d6c-whhtr   1/1     Running   0          67s

在Prometheus UI中，使用我们为告警配置的相同表达式：

rate (container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{pod_name=~"nginx-.*", image!="", container!="POD"}[5m])

我们可以为这些Pod检查数据，所有Pod的值应该为0。

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

让我们在其中一个pod中添加一些负载，然后来看看值的变化，当值大于0.04时，我们应该接收到告警：

$  kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5754944d6c-7g6gq -- /bin/sh
# yes > /dev/null

该告警有3个阶段：

Inactive：不满足告警触发条件
Pending：条件已满足
Firing：触发告警

我们已经看到告警处于inactive状态，所以在CPU上添加一些负载，以观察到剩余两种状态：

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

告警一旦触发，将会在Alertmanager中显示：

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

Alertmanger配置为当我们收到告警时发送邮件。所以此时，如果我们检查收件箱，会看到类似以下内容：

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

看完上述内容，你们对Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则有进一步的了解吗？如果还想了解更多知识或者相关内容，请关注创新互联行业资讯频道，感谢大家的支持。

当前名称：Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则
URL标题：http://kswsj.cn/article/gdjhop.html

关于创新互联

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

理解Prometheus及其抽象概念

理解Prometheus Operator

安装Prometheus软件

规则

其他资讯

关于创新互联

Prometheus中怎么配置自定义告警规则

理解Prometheus及其抽象概念

理解Prometheus Operator

安装Prometheus软件

规 则

其他资讯

规则