Oracle12.2RAConLinuxBestPracticeDocumentation

Oracle 12.2 RAC on RedHat 7.3 Best Practice Documentation

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# 项目需求建多套RAC，为减低管理成本，故建立一个统一的 12.2 RAC的模板。希望我的模板可以

# 帮助 Oracle 12.2 RAC on RedHat 7.3 这个应用场景的同学，文档已经通过业务验证，可放心使用。

# 但仅仅适合我司业务，如您适用生产系统产生的任何风险概不负责，请谨慎。

# 12.2 RAC模板包含内容如下：安装RAC/升级Opatch并打补丁/安装RAC后优化

# 由于篇幅过长，附上目录，便于同学们的学习。
目录
Oracle 12cR2 RAC on Linux 最佳实践文档3
1.Oracle RAC安装规划3
a)RAC物理架构图3
b)软件环境规划3
c)用户组与文件系统规划3
d)网络规划4
e)存储规划4
2.Oracle RAC所有集群节点准备5
a)硬件检验5
1.操作系统基础环境检验5
2.双网卡绑定6
b)软件检验7
c)操作系统配置与优化8
1.操作系统rpm包需求8
2.操作系统创建软件安装组及用户(oracle,grid)11
3.操作系统创建软件安装目录12
4.操作系统内核参数优化14
5.操作系统内存优化16
6.操作系统共享内存优化17
7.操作系统软件安装用户环境变量(oracle,grid)18
8.操作系统用户(oracle,grid)硬性限制优化22
9.操作系统关闭防火墙和selinux24
10.操作系统安装软件用户(oracle,grid)互信配置25
11.操作系统使用/etc/hosts解析36
12.操作系统时间同步配置NTP38
3.Oracle RAC 共享存储准备38
a)使用udev持久化磁盘权限38
b)powerpath多路径软件聚合LUN成一条路径供系统使用40
c)设置Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux45
4.GI安装46
a)cvuqdisk包需要所有节点均安装46
b)GI软件包直接解压到GI的$ORACLE_HOME下46
c)升级Opatch57
d)GI补丁升级与GI图形安装47
5.RDBMS 软件安装66
a)DB软件使用oracle用户图形安装66
b)升级Opatch73
c)DB补丁升级74
6.ASMCA创建磁盘组75
7.DBCA创建数据库79
8.RAC优化90
a)安全90
1.用户密码策略优化(可根据安全策略自行创建)90
2.优化低端版本的客户端无法登录12c高版本数据库问题(所有节点配置)90
b)实例优化90
1.process进程数优化90
2.实例本地进程并发优化90
3.避免大量library cache lock导致用户不能登录的情况90
4.DBLINK使用insert优化91
5.12.2 RAC 避免DataPump导入出现大量'Library Cache Lock' (Cycle)91
6.增加 db_files91
c)系统优化91
1.大页使用优化91
9．附表93

1. Oracle RAC安装规划

a) RAC物理架构图

Oracle 12.2 RAC on Linux Best Practice Documentation

b) 软件环境规划

软件：

GI 软件：linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip

DB 软件：linuxx64_12201_database.zip

GI 补丁：p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

DB 补丁：p29314339_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

Opatch 补丁：p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

rpm包：compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm

数据库版本：

12.2.0.1.19

操作系统：

64bit Redhat 7.3

c) 用户组与文件系统规划

用户组和文件系统配置

软件用户主组辅助组 ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME

GI grid oinstall dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,racdba /oracle/app/grid /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

DB oracle oinstall dba,oper,asmdba, asmadmin,racdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba /oracle/app/oracle $ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1

d) 网络规划

1. 优先双网卡绑定原则

2. 优先私有网络万兆网卡原则

3. 避免使用169.254.*.* 地址原则

/etc/hosts列表如下

名称对应网卡 IP 用途

bmcdb1 bond0 10.151.115.71 public

bmcdb1-vip 10.151.115.73 VIP

bmcdb1-priv bond1 192.155.1.171 private

bmcdb2 bond0 10.151.115.72 public

bmcdb2-vip 10.151.115.74 VIP

bmcdb2-priv bond1 192.155.1.172 private

scan-bmcdb 10.151.115.75 scan-ip

e) 存储规划

1. 设置disk I/O schedulers为Deadline

# echo deadline > /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler

2. 绑定存储LUN属性,保证系统重启属性不变

3. ASM规划表

ASM规划表

磁盘组名分区属主权限单个LUN大小冗余总容量

OCR emcpowera grid:asmadmin 660 18G

emcpowerb grid:asmadmin 660 18G Normal 54G

emcpowerc grid:asmadmin 660 18G

DATA emcpowere grid:asmadmin 660 200G External 200G

FRA emcpowerf grid:asmadmin 660 100G External 100G

OCR 磁盘组：保存CRS信息及Voting disk等信息

DATA磁盘组：保存数据文件、控制文件

FRA磁盘组：保存节点的归档文件

2. Oracle RAC所有集群节点准备

a) 硬件检验

1. 操作系统基础环境检验

# 操作系统发行版

cat /etc/redhat-release

# 内核版本

uname -a

# Memory total

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

# SWAP Total

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

# tmp目录大小

df -h /tmp

# 当前内存和swap使用状态

free -g

# 共享内存大小

df -h /dev/shm

# CPU 型号,物理个数,核数,逻辑个数

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c

cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l

cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq

cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

# 节点信息收集省略

2. 双网卡绑定

# 双网卡绑定采用主备模式,双节点保持Bond模式一置,并持续ping,拔物理线进行测试

[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0_slave_1

HWADDR=E4:43:4B:72:F7:0C

TYPE=Ethernet

NAME="bond0 slave 1"

UUID=53c72c58-f724-4d50-b27c-71cf218d24ec

DEVICE=em1

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0_slave_2

HWADDR=E4:43:4B:72:F7:0D

TYPE=Ethernet

NAME="bond0 slave 2"

UUID=af3db5d3-323c-411f-8070-f5083f8cffbc

DEVICE=em2

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Bond_connection_1

DEVICE=bond0

BONDING_OPTS="miimon=1 updelay=0 downdelay=0 mode=active-backup"

TYPE=Bond

BONDING_MASTER=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=10.151.115.71

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.151.115.1

DNS1=10.156.84.62

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_PRIVACY=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME="Bond connection 1"

UUID=3d289bb5-e405-4674-a7b3-5abc21fea392

b) 软件检验

GI 软件：linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip

DB 软件：linuxx64_12201_database.zip

GI 补丁：p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

DB 补丁：p29314339_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

Opatch 补丁：p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

EMC powerpath 软件：EMCPower.LINUX-6.3.0.01.00-001.RHEL7.x86_64.rpm

操作系统RPM包：操作系统镜像或光盘

c) 操作系统配置与优化

1. 操作系统rpm包需求

# 操作系统最低要求

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7 (i686)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7 (x86_64)

glibc-2.17-36.el7 (i686)

glibc-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7 (i686)

glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)

ksh

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)

libaio-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)

libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)

libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)

libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)

libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)

libxcb-1.9-5.el7 (i686)

libxcb-1.9-5.el7 (x86_64)

libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (i686)

libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (x86_64)

libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (i686)

libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (x86_64)

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7 (i686)

libXi-1.7.2-1.el7 (x86_64)

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7 (i686)

libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7 (x86_64)

libXrender (i686)

libXrender (x86_64)

libXrender-devel (i686)

libXrender-devel (x86_64)

make-3.82-19.el7 (x86_64)

net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7 (x86_64) (for Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware)

nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.21.el7.x86_64 (for Oracle ACFS)

smartmontools-6.2-4.el7 (x86_64)

sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7 (x86_64)

1.1 rpm包检验

# 检验系统缺少的rpm包并打印出来

for i in \

bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel \

libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel gcc-c++ \

make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat

rpm -q $i &>/dev/null || F="$F $i"

done ;echo $F;unset F

1.2 yum批量安装软件包

# yum批量安装rpm包,安装具体过程省略

yum install bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel \

libgcc gcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel \

make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat gcc-c++

# yum配置

# 解压tar包在当前目录

tar -xvf media.tar

# 更名原有的repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo_bk

# 创建新本地的repo

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat7.repo

[redhat7.repo]

name=local

baseurl=file:///soft/media

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

# 清除缓存,查看软件库,更新元数据缓存,查看yum的包

yum clean all #Remove cached data

yum repolist #Display the configured software repositories

yum makecache #Generate the metadata cache

yum list #List a package or groups of packages

1.3 rpm包再次检验

# 还是使用上面的脚本,直到无软件包输出为止

2. 操作系统创建软件安装组及用户(oracle,grid)

groupadd --gid 54321 oinstall

groupadd --gid 54322 dba

groupadd --gid 54323 asmdba

groupadd --gid 54324 asmoper

groupadd --gid 54325 asmadmin

groupadd --gid 54326 oper

groupadd --gid 54327 backupdba

groupadd --gid 54328 dgdba

groupadd --gid 54329 kmdba

groupadd --gid 54330 racdba

useradd --uid 54321 --gid oinstall --groups dba,oper,asmdba,asmadmin,racdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle

passwd oracle

useradd --uid 54322 --gid oinstall --groups dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,racdba grid

passwd grid

3. 操作系统创建软件安装目录

vi /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/oracle/app/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

# Create the Oracle Inventory Directory

# To create the Oracle Inventory directory, enter the following commands as the root user:

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory

chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory

chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oraInventory

# Creating the Grid Infrastructure Base Directory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid

chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/grid

# Creating the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Home Directory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

# Creating the Oracle Base Directory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs

# needed to ensure that dbca is able to run after the rdbms installation.

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle

# Creating the Oracle RDBMS Home Directory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1

chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1

4. 操作系统内核参数优化

# 内存为128G,设置kernel.shmmax=70G,SGA=50G and PGA=10G

# kernel.shmmni该参数是系统共享内存段最大个数

# kernel.shmmax该参数是一个进程共享内存段最大尺度

# SHMMAX应略大于SGA尺寸

# kernel.shmall该参数是共享内存总量

# kernel.shmall大于shmmax/PAGE_SIZE

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmmax = 75161927680

kernel.shmall = 18350080

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 7553600

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# 安装数据库实例后算出并添加此参数

vm.nr_hugepages = 25026

# 立即生效（root）

/sbin/sysctl -p

#NOTE: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/ tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/index

#NOTE: The latest information on kernel parameter settings for Linux can be found in My Oracle Support ExtNote:169706.1.#

5. 操作系统内存优化

# Oracle一直建议关闭Transparent HugePages来优化内存的使用,

# 故关闭Transparent HugePages

grubby --default-kernel

grubby --args="transparent_hugepage=never" --update-kernel

grubby --info /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 >> /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo

reboot

# 节点1执行展示结果

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grubby --default-kernel

/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grubby --args="transparent_hugepage=never" --update-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

# grubby --info /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 >> /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

index=0

kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

args="ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet.UTF-8 transparent_hugepage=never"

root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root

initrd=/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img

title=Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64) 7.3 (Maipo)

# 确认已关闭 Transparent HugePages

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo

AnonHugePages: 0 kB

# reboot 展示结果忽略

6. 操作系统共享内存优化

# Redhat 7.2以后systemd-logind service引入了新的功能,用户注销时,删除所有IPC对象

# 避免用户中断时系统删除共享SGA内存,

# 导致ASM和database instance down机,故设置RemoveIPC=no

echo "RemoveIPC=no" >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf

systemctl restart systemd-logind

# ALERT: Setting RemoveIPC=yes on Redhat 7.2 and higher Crashes ASM and Database Instances as Well as Any Application That Uses a Shared Memory Segment (SHM) or Semaphores (SEM) (文档 ID 2081410.1)

# 节点1执行展示结果

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# echo "RemoveIPC=no" >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/systemd/logind.conf

……中间展示忽略……

#RemoveIPC=no

RemoveIPC=no

# 设置共享内存

# 通过/etc/fstab设置共享内存

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Tue Jun 25 01:24:22 2019

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=1d01dfb8-026c-464f-9d8a-7bf9ee5079e5 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=741B-866B /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 0

/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=80G 0

[root@bmcdb2 home]# cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 1 19:01:01 2019

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=39a4f14f-aab6-4e71-9424-c4fe0610c7fb /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7E8A-CC6A /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 0

/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=80G 0

7. 操作系统软件安装用户环境变量(oracle,grid)

# grid

[grid@Bmcdb1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

export ORACLE_PATH=/oracle/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql;

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS";

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK ;

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask=022

# oracle

[oracle@Bmcdb1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java;

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=bmcdb1;

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=bmcdb;

export ORACLE_PATH=/oracle/app/common/oracle/sql;

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS";

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK ;

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export THREADS_FLAG=native;

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask=022

8. 操作系统用户(oracle,grid)硬性限制优化

# 提升用户硬性限制（Oracle、grid用户默认的硬性限制不满足GI安装和配置）

# limits.conf为PAM模板配置文件；所以应先配置PAM,即配置如下：

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

# RAC未运行之前,无法实际测量vm.nr_hugepages大小。

# 原则：Number Hugepages * Hugepagesize = minimum Memlock < RAM

cat /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

oracle soft memlock 134144000

oracle hard memlock 134144000

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard stack 32768

#NOTE：What is Memlock and How to Calculate the Values for Memlock (文档 ID 2511230.1)

# shell开始文件限制提升

cat /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

umask 022

9. 操作系统关闭防火墙和selinux

# 关闭防火墙

systemctl status firewalld

systemctl start firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl status firewalld

# 永久关闭selinux

cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

10. 操作系统安装软件用户(oracle,grid)互信配置

# 在节点1配置ssh互信,步骤如下：

# 使用root将数据库软件拷贝至/home/oracle/下：

# 此脚本适合多节点安装优先使用

# chown oracle:oinstall linuxx64_12201_database.zip

# su - oracle

$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

$ cd database/sshsetup/

$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "node1 node2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase

$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "node1 node2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase

# 检验互信

# 节点1, bmcdb1上执行检验操作

$ ssh bmcdb1 date;ssh bmcdb2 date;ssh bmcdb1priv date;ssh bmcdb2priv date

# 节点2, bmcdb2上执行检验操作

$ ssh bmcdb1 date;ssh bmcdb2 date;ssh bmcdb1priv date;ssh bmcdb2priv date

11. 操作系统使用/etc/hosts解析

# /etc/hosts解析地址如下

[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

# PUBLIC-IP

10.151.115.61 bmcdb1

10.151.115.62 bmcdb2

# VIP-IP

10.151.115.63 bmcdb1vip

10.151.115.64 bmcdb2vip

# PRIVATE-IP

192.155.1.161 bmcdb1priv

192.155.1.162 bmcdb2priv

# SCAN-IP

10.151.115.65 scanbmcdb

# 优先使用/etc/hosts,故files在dns前

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts

# hosts: db files nisplus nis dns

hosts: files dns myhostname

12. 操作系统时间同步配置NTP

# 每十分钟同步一次时间服务器,使用crontab定时任务调用ntpdate命令同步

检查系统时间

# date

# 公司内部时间服务器

[root@bmcdb1 soft]# crontab -l

*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 10.151.113.73

[root@bmcdb2 ~]# crontab -l

*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 10.151.113.73

3. Oracle RAC 共享存储准备

a) powerpath多路径软件聚合LUN成一条路径供系统使用

# powerpath安装及存储磁盘分配等工作请安排专业的存储工程师完成

# 节点1执行展示结果

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# powermt display dev=all

Pseudo name=emcpowera

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC6 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr3_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdaw CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdaq CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdak CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdae CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdy CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sds CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdm CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdg CL1-0C active alive 0 0

Pseudo name=emcpowerb

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC4 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr2_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdav CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdap CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdaj CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdad CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdx CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdr CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdl CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdf CL1-0C active alive 0 0

Pseudo name=emcpowerc

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC2 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr1_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdau CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdai CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdao CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdac CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdw CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdq CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdk CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sde CL1-0C active alive 0 0

Pseudo name=emcpowerd

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC3 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_dsg_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdat CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdan CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdah CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdab CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdv CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdp CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdj CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdd CL1-0C active alive 0 0

Pseudo name=emcpowere

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC7 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_data1_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdas CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdam CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdag CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdaa CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdu CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdo CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdi CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdc CL1-0C active alive 0 0

Pseudo name=emcpowerf

VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323

Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC5 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_arch2_1_vol]

state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0

==============================================================================

--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---

### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors

==============================================================================

16 lpfc sdaf CL1-08 active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdar CL1-0B active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdal CL1-0A active alive 0 0

16 lpfc sdz CL1-09 active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdt CL1-0F active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdn CL1-0E active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdh CL1-0D active alive 0 0

15 lpfc sdb CL1-0C active alive 0 0

b) 使用udev持久化磁盘权限

# NOTE:How To Set Device Name Using UDEV on OL 7.X (文档 ID 2056427.1)

# 编辑rules规则文件

# 注意：rules文件中uuid区别大小写,

# 故要注意scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode 的输出结果。

KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc5", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmarchdisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmarchdisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmarchdisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc7", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdatadisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdatadisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdatadisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc2", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc4", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk2 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk2; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk2'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc6", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk3 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk3; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk3'"

# 启动Udev

/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change

# 查看磁盘

[root@pcmdb1 rpm]# /sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change

[root@pcmdb1 rpm]# ls -l /dev/asm*

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmarchdisk

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmdatadisk

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk1

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk2

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk3

c) 设置Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux

# 设置I/0 scheduler为[deadline]状态,共享使用

echo deadline > /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler

# 节点1执行展示结果,查看当前scheduler状态是否为[deadline]

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowera/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerb/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerc/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerd/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowere/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerf/queue/scheduler

noop [deadline] cfq

4. GI安装

a) cvuqdisk包需要所有节点均安装

[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# ls

cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# pwd

/home/oracle/database/rpm

[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1 ################################# [100%]

[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# scp cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm root@bmcdb2:/home/oracle

The authenticity of host 'bmcdb2 (10.151.115.72)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is e5:25:bb:51:c6:da:76:25:1d:4a:59:a8:e4:6d:92:ef.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no) yes

Warning: Permanently added 'bmcdb2' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@bmcdb2's password:

cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

[root@bmcdb2 rules.d]# cd /home/oracle

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# ls

cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# pwd

/home/oracle

[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1 ################################# [100%]

b) GI软件包直接解压到GI的$ORACLE_HOME下

su - grid

unzip -d $ORACLE_HOME /soft/linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip

# 安装过程省略

# runcluvfy.sh检验系统环境（先解压GI包,后才有runcluvfy.sh脚本）

./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n bmcdb1,bmcdb2 -verbose

# 过程省略

c) 升级Opatch

# 用新的Opatch直接覆盖原有旧的Opatch

# 修改执行权限

[root@bmcdb1 soft]# chmod 775 p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$unzip -d /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/ /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

Archive: /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

inflating: /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch/emdpatch.pl

replace /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch/oplan/oplan [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A

# 过程省略

d) GI补丁升级与GI图形安装

# 修改补丁执行权限

[root@bmcdb1 12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch]# chmod a+x p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

[root@bmcdb1 12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch]# ls -l p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1736326653 Jul 18 15:02 p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

# 创建补丁安装目录

[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu

# 解压补丁

[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$unzip -d /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu  /soft/12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch/p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

# 应用补丁并安装GI

/usr/bin/xauth: file /home/grid/.Xauthority does not exist

[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$export DISPLAY=10.156.84.215:0.0

[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$xclock

Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion

# 使用grid用户补丁和GI图形安装

[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$./gridSetup.sh -applyPSU /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu/29301687

...图形界面安装省略...

root执行root.sh脚本

# 节点1执行root.sh脚本记录(共19步)

...双节点需都执行成功，具体步骤省略...

GI安装成功

# GI安装成功后,服务状态如下：

[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$crsctl stat res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name Target State Server State details

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.OCR.dg

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.LISTENER.lsnr

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.net1.network

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.ons

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.proxy_advm

OFFLINE OFFLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

OFFLINE OFFLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ora.MGMTLSNR

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.asm

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 Started,STABLE

2 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 Started,STABLE

3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.cvu

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ora.bmcdb1.vip

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ora.bmcdb2.vip

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE

ora.qosmserver

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

ora.scan1.vip

1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

检验补丁情况

# 节点1执行opatch检验补丁情况,节点2执行结果忽略。双节点结果相同

[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch]$./opatch lsinventory

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17

Oracle Home : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid

Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventory

from : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17

OUI version : 12.2.0.1.4

Log file location : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3019-08-05_16-56-31PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2019-08-05_16-56-31PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Machine Information::

Hostname: bmcdb1

ARU platform id: 226

ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c 12.2.0.1.0

There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (5) :

Patch 26839277 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:48:23 CST 2019

Unique Patch ID: 21578760

Patch description: "DBWLM RELEASE UPDATE 12.2.0.1.0(ID:170913) (26839277)"

Created on 21 Sep 2017, 03:13:10 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

26584906

Patch 29314339 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:48:16 CST 2019

Unique Patch ID: 22821655

Patch description: "Database Apr 2019 Release Update : 12.2.0.1.190416 (29314339)"

Created on 24 Mar 2019, 03:28:52 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

26362155, 28023399, 25741955, 25873336, 26966616, 27097854, 28617631

……中间省略修改的bug号……

28951382, 28960211, 28987439, 28991884, 28993590, 29027694, 29189889

29250230

Patch 28566910 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:47:53 CST 2019

Unique Patch ID: 22413436

Patch description: "TOMCAT RELEASE UPDATE 12.2.0.1.0(ID:180802.1448.S) (28566910)"

Created on 28 Aug 2018, 23:01:25 hrs PST8PDT

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