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一、docker启动异常表现：
1.状态反复restaring，用命令查看
$docker ps -a container id image command created status ports names 21c09be88c11 docker.xxxx.cn:5000/xxx-tes/xxx_tes:1.0.6 "/usr/local/tomcat..." 9 days ago restarting (1) less than a second ago xxx10
2.docker日志有明显问题：
$docker logs [容器名/容器id]
二、docker启动异常的可能原因：
2.1.内存不够
docker 启动至少需要2g内存，首先执行free -mh命令查看剩余内存是否足够
直接查看内存
$free -mh total used free shared buff/cache available mem: 15g 14g 627m 195m 636m 726m swap: 0b 0b 0b
分析日志
有时候一瞬间内存过载溢出，导致部分进程被杀死，看起来内存也是够用的，事实上docker还是会反复重启，就需要通过docker日志和系统日志信的息来进一步分析：
分析docker日志
查看docker日志看到内存溢出的信息，要仔细翻阅才能找到信息，并不是在最下面
$docker logs [容器名/容器id]|less java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm warning: info: os::commit_memory(0x0000000769990000, 1449590784, 0) failed; error='cannot allocate memory' (errno=12) # # there is insufficient memory for the java runtime environment to continue. # native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 1449590784 bytes for committing reserved memory. # an error report file with more information is saved as: # //hs_err_pid1.log java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm warning: info: os::commit_memory(0x0000000769990000, 1449590784, 0) failed; error='cannot allocate memory' (errno=12) # # there is insufficient memory for the java runtime environment to continue. # native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 1449590784 bytes for committing reserved memory. # an error report file with more information is saved as: # /tmp/hs_err_pid1.log java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm warning: info: os::commit_memory(0x0000000769990000, 1449590784, 0) failed; error='cannot allocate memory' (errno=12) # # there is insufficient memory for the java runtime environment to continue. # native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 1449590784 bytes for committing reserved memory. # can not save log file, dump to screen.. # # there is insufficient memory for the java runtime environment to continue. # native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 1449590784 bytes for committing reserved memory. # possible reasons: # the system is out of physical ram or swap space # in 32 bit mode, the process size limit was hit # possible solutions: # reduce memory load on the system # increase physical memory or swap space # check if swap backing store is full # use 64 bit java on a 64 bit os # decrease java heap size (-xmx/-xms) # decrease number of java threads # decrease java thread stack sizes (-xss) # set larger code cache with -xx:reservedcodecachesize= # this output file may be truncated or incomplete. # # out of memory error (os_linux.cpp:2756), pid=1, tid=140325689620224 # # jre version: (7.0_79-b15) (build ) # java vm: java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm (24.79-b02 mixed mode linux-amd64 compressed oops) # core dump written. default location: //core or core.1 #
分析系统日志
查看系统日志，发现有大量由于内存溢出，进程被杀死的记录
$grep -i 'out of memory' /var/log/messages apr 7 10:04:02 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 1192 (java) score 54 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:08:00 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 2301 (java) score 54 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:09:59 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 28145 (java) score 52 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:20:40 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 2976 (java) score 54 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:21:08 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 3577 (java) score 47 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:21:08 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 3631 (java) score 47 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:21:08 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 3634 (java) score 47 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:21:08 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 3640 (java) score 47 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:21:08 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 3654 (java) score 47 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:27:27 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 6998 (java) score 51 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:27:28 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 7027 (java) score 52 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:28:10 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 7571 (java) score 42 or sacrifice child apr 7 10:28:10 centos106 kernel: out of memory: kill process 7586 (java) score 42 or sacrifice child
2.2.端口冲突
该docker监听端口已经被其他进程占用，一般此种问题容易出现在新部署的服务，或在原有机器上部署新的后台服务，所以在部署之前应该执行命令检查端口是否已经被占用，如果上线后发现占有则应改为可用端口再重启之。
检查命令： $netstat -nltp|grep [规划的端口号]
三、对策
3.1.内存不够的对策：
对策1:
3.1.1 saltstack的minion在运行过久之后，可能占用大量内存，需要将其重启。重启命令可能有时并不起作用。主要检查运行状态，如果未成功停止，则重新重启；
对策2:
3.2.2 elk日志收集程序或者其他java进程占用过高，用top和ps命令排查，谨慎确定进程的作用，在确保不影响业务的情况下，停止相关进程；
对策3:
释放被占用的内存（buff/cache）：
$sync #将内存数据写入磁盘
$echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches #释放被占用的内存
对策4:
有时候并不是buff/cache过高导致内存不够用，确实是被很多必要的进程消耗掉了内存，那就需要从机器资源分配使用的层面去考虑和解决了。
3.2 端口冲突的对策
对策1:
一般此种问题容易出现在新部署的服务，或在原有机器上部署新的后台服务，所以在部署之前应该执行命令检查端口是否已经被占用，如果上线后发现占有则应改为可用端口再重启之。
检查命令： $netstat -nltp|grep [规划的端口号]
“Docker无法正常启动的原因是什么及如何解决”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注创新互联网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！
