1、学习rhel7中新的网络配置工具和网卡命名规则
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下面这段文字参考红帽官网网络配置第8章2节，在rhel7/centos7中网卡的命名规则有些改变，增加了nmcli网络管理工具。
| 1、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules instructs the udev helper utility, /lib/udev/rename_device, to look into all /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-suffix files. If it finds an ifcfg file with a HWADDR entry matching the MAC address of an interface it renames the interface to the name given in the ifcfg file by the DEVICE directive. |
| 2、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules instructs biosdevname to rename the interface according to its naming policy, provided that it was not renamed in a previous step, biosdevname is installed, and biosdevname=0 was not given as a kernel command on the boot command line. |
3、A rule in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules instructs udev to fill in the internal udev device property values ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT, ID_NET_NAME_PATH, ID_NET_NAME_MAC by examining the network interface device. Note, that some device properties might be undefined. |
| 4、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules instructs udev to rename the interface, provided that it was not renamed in step 1 or 2, and the kernel parameter net.ifnames=0 was not given, according to the following priority: ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT, ID_NET_NAME_PATH. It falls through to the next in the list, if one is unset. If none of these are set, then the interface will not be renamed. |
2、配置网卡使用rhel6版本的网卡配置方式：
[root@station66 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules # This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules # program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file. # # You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single # line, and change only the value of the NAME= key. # PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:36:87:62", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" |
[root@station71 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules # This is a sample udev rules file that demonstrates how to get udev to # set the name of IPoIB interfaces to whatever you wish. There is a # 16 character limit on network device names though, so don't go too nuts # # Important items to note: ATTR{type}=="32" is IPoIB interfaces, and the # ATTR{address} match must start with ?* and only reference the last 8 # bytes of the address or else the address might not match on any given # start of the IPoIB stack # # Note: as of rhel7, udev is case sensitive on the address field match # and all addresses need to be in lower case. # # ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="?*00:02:c9:03:00:31:78:f2", NAME="mlx4_ib3 |
编辑网卡配置文件ifcfg-eno16777736修改为ifcfg-eth0,修改DEVICE，NAME，HWADDR,NM_CONTROLLED等参数.
禁用ipv6和biosdevname功能，传递这2个参数给kernel：net.ifnames=0 ipv6.disable=1,重新生成grub.cfg配置文件即可
我们来具体操作一把: [root@station71 network-scripts]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #这块叫啥没有关系的哈！ TYPE=Ethernet HWADDR=00:0c:29:95:b5:21 BOOTPROTO=none NAME=eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.99.71 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.99.1 DNS1=202.106.46.151 [root@station71 ~]#vim /etc/default/grub +6 #给内核传递参数关闭biosdevname功能关闭ipv6. GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0ipv6.disable=1rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet" [root@station71 ~]# grub2-mkconfig /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 现在重启看到我们的网卡应该是eth0了、如果改个网卡的名字都需要重启，那还搞毛线，事实上是uptime在几千的很常见。 [root@station71 network-scripts]# ifconfig eno16777736 down [root@station71 network-scripts]# ethtool-i eno16777736 #网卡的驱动名字 driver: e1000 [root@station71 network-scripts]# modinfo e1000 #网卡的驱动程序所在的模块 filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko [root@station71 network-scripts]# modprobe -r e1000 #卸载网卡驱动模块 [root@station71 network-scripts]# lsmod |grep e1000 #查看一下 [root@station71 network-scripts]# modprobe e1000 #重新加载网卡驱动 |
3、nmcli工具使用及NetworkManager服务
需求1：
配置俩个虚拟机网络，一个桥接到物理网络的无线路由器，一个选择自定义网络配置一个192.168.99.0的网段，编辑虚拟机配置2张网卡。eno16777736用于桥接和eno33554984用于虚拟机私有网络
1、给eno16777736配置三个connection，其中两个dhcp自动获取，另外一个需手动配置ip地址信息192.168.100.77/24和gateway配置192.168.100.1域名解析地址配置为202.106.46.151
2、给eno33554984配置一个connection，需手动配置一个ip地址信息
工作一个号，家庭一个号，两不耽误！
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli device DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 eno50332208 ethernet connected eth3 eno16777736 ethernet disconnected -- eno33554984 ethernet disconnected -- lo loopback unmanaged -- virbr0-nic tap unmanaged -- [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0 Connection 'eth0' (3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f) successfully added. [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0.home Connection 'eth0.home' (54ef6f15-7981-4f0d-9958-15d6adabb05c) successfully added. [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0.work Connection 'eth0.work' (07d80f13-d36d-43f0-9b07-0648dd91e164) successfully added. [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection modify eth0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.100.71/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.100.1 ipv4.dns 202.106.46.151 [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection modify eth0.home ipv4.method auto ipv4.dns 202.106.46.151 [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection modify eth0.work ipv4.method auto ipv4.dns 202.106.195.68 [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection add type ethernet ifname eno33554984 con-name eth2 Connection 'eth2' (8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de) successfully added. [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection modify eth2 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.99.71/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.99.1 [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection up eth0 ; nmcli connection up eth2 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/31) Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/32) [root@station71 ~]# nmclidevice DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION virbr0 bridge connected virbr0 eno16777736 ethernet connected eth0 eno33554984 ethernet connected eth2 eno50332208 ethernet connected eth3 lo loopback unmanaged -- virbr0-nic tap unmanaged -- [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE virbr0 0d0064a4-b64e-44de-82c7-5f4eb991f1bd bridge virbr0 eth2 8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eth0.work 07d80f13-d36d-43f0-9b07-0648dd91e164 802-3-ethernet -- eth0.home 54ef6f15-7981-4f0d-9958-15d6adabb05c 802-3-ethernet -- eth0 3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 eth3 919158d0-ecfc-468a-aa99-85891161a972 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 [root@station71 ~]# nmcliconnection show --active NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE virbr0 0d0064a4-b64e-44de-82c7-5f4eb991f1bd bridge virbr0 eth2 8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eth0 3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 eth3 919158d0-ecfc-468a-aa99-85891161a972 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 [root@station71 ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=6.31 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- |
