写在前面：
本文内容翻译自:https://chainhero.io/2018/03/tutorial-build-blockchain-app-2/ ，文档中的命令操作均在实际环境进行验证，现将成果分享给大家。
专注于为中小企业提供成都做网站、成都网站建设、成都外贸网站建设服务,电脑端+手机端+微信端的三站合一,更高效的管理,为中小企业源汇免费做网站提供优质的服务。我们立足成都，凝聚了一批互联网行业人才，有力地推动了成百上千企业的稳健成长，帮助中小企业通过网站建设实现规模扩充和转变。
目录
一.概述
二.安装环境
三.安装Fabric SDK Go
四.启动区块链网络
五.使用Fabric SDK Go
一. 概述
首先，为新入门的开发小白普及一下何为SDK
软件开发工具包（外语首字母缩写：SDK、外语全称：Software Development Kit）一般都是一些软件工程师为特定的软件包、软件框架、硬件平台、操作系统等建立应用软件时的开发工具的集合。软件开发工具包括广义上指辅助开发某一类软件的相关文档、范例和工具的集合。软件开发工具包是一些被软件工程师用于为特定的软件包、软件框架、硬件平台、操作系统等创建应用软件的开发工具的集合，一般而言SDK即开发 Windows 平台下的应用程序所使用的 SDK。它可以简单的为某个程序设计语言提供应用程序接口 API 的一些文件，但也可能包括能与某种嵌入式系统通讯的复杂的硬件。一般的工具包括用于调试和其他用途的实用工具。SDK 还经常包括示例代码、支持性的技术注解或者其他的为基本参考资料澄清疑点的支持文档。为了鼓励开发者使用其系统或者语言，许多 SDK 是免费提供的。
Farbric的Peer节点和Orderer节点都提供了基于GRPC协议(Google开发的远程过程调用RPC)的接口，通过这些接口可以和Peer节点与Orderer节点进行命令/数据交互，为了简化开发，官方提供了多语言版本的SDK，官网原文
Hyperledger Fabric SDKs
Hyperledger Fabric intends to offer a number of SDKs for a wide variety of programming languages. The first two delivered are the Node.js and Java SDKs. We hope to provide Python, REST and Go SDKs in a subsequent release.
Hyperledger Fabric Node SDK documentation.
Hyperledger Fabric Java SDK documentation.实际上目前主流支持的已经有Go版本了，列出主流的三个：
考虑到Golang是Fabric原生的开发语言，Fabric，Fabric-ca,Chaincode都是采用Golang开发的，所以本文还是围绕Golang版本的Fabric SDK进行阐述SDK的安装部署与测试。
二.安装环境
在Ubuntu 16.04上发布，但Hyperledger Fabric架构与Mac OS X，Windows和其他Linux发行版兼容。Hyperledger Fabric使用Docker轻松部署区块链网络。 另外，一些组件（同级）也部署docker容器来分离数据（通道）。 所以请确保所使用的平台支持这种虚拟化。
需要Docker版本17.03.0-ce或更高版本。
$docker -v返回结果
Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6查看Docker-Compose版本
$docker-compose version
返回结果
docker-compose version 1.17.1, build unknown
docker-py version: 2.5.1
CPython version: 2.7.15rc1
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017需要版本1.9.x或更高版本
$go version返回结果
go version go1.10.3 linux/amd64查看GOPATH,GOROOT,GOBIN环境变量
$ go env |egrep 'GOROOT|GOPATH|GOBIN'返回结果
GOBIN="/home/bruce/go/bin"
GOPATH="/home/bruce/go"
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"三.安装Fabric SDK Go
安装依赖包
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install libltdl-dev
(1) 下载软件包
$ go get -u github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go (2) 安装依赖包
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go
$ chmod +x test/scripts/*.sh # make depend-install操作会调用dependencies.sh脚本
$ make depend //注意1.1.0版本是make depend-install以上命令会下载如下依赖包并安装至$GOBIN目录下
github.com/axw/gocov/...
github.com/AlekSi/gocov-xml
github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell
github.com/golang/lint/golint
golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
github.com/golang/mock/mockgen安装完成后检查$GOBIN目录下文件
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 13128127 Jul 19 17:38 dep
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 4332114 Jul 19 17:50 gocov
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 2752093 Jul 19 17:50 gocov-xml
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 5220554 Jul 19 17:50 goimports
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 5669065 Jul 19 17:50 golint
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 9470763 Jul 19 17:50 misspell
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 5070526 Jul 19 17:51 mockgen(3) 安装vendor
$ make populate返回结果
Populate script last ran 07-21-2018 on revision e230c04e with Gopkg.lock revision d489eba9
Populating vendor ...
Populating dockerd vendor ...
Cloning into 'scripts/_go/src/chaincoded/vendor/github.com/hyperledger/fabric'...
remote: Counting objects: 4530, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3778/3778), done.
remote: Total 4530 (delta 543), reused 2596 (delta 376), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (4530/4530), 16.51 MiB | 120.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (543/543), done.四.启动区块链网络
为了构建区块链网络，使用docker构建处理不同角色的虚拟计算机。 在这里我们将尽可能保持简单。 Hyperledger Fabric需要大量证书来确保在整个端到端流程（TSL，身份验证，签名块......）期间进行加密。 创建这些文件需要一点时间，为了直接了解问题的核心，我们已经在此存储库的文件夹中为您准备了所有相关内容。
在GOPATH的src文件夹中新建一个目录如下：
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/ticket
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ticket新建fixtures文件夹
$ mkdir fixtures将 channel-artifacts 及 crypto-config 两个文件夹复制到 fixture 目录中
$ cd fixtures
$ sudo cp -r ~/hyfa/fabric-samples/first-network/channel-artifacts .
$ sudo cp -r ~/hyfa/fabric-samples/first-network/crypto-config .将 channel-artifacts 文件夹名称修改为 artifacts
$ mv channel-artifacts/ artifacts移除无用的文件
$ sudo rm -f artifacts/.gitkeep将 fabric-samples/basic-network/docker-compose.yml 文件复制至当前的 fixtures 目录下, 进行编辑
$ sudo cp ~/hyfa/fabric-samples/basic-network/docker-compose.yml ./
$ sudo vim docker-compose.yml(1) 修改网络模式
version: '2'
networks:
default:(2) orderer部分
services:
orderer.example.com:
container_name: orderer.example.com
image: hyperledger/fabric-orderer
environment:
- ORDERER_GENERAL_LOGLEVEL=debug
- ORDERER_GENERAL_LISTENADDRESS=0.0.0.0
- ORDERER_GENERAL_GENESISMETHOD=file
- ORDERER_GENERAL_GENESISFILE=/var/hyperledger/orderer/orderer.genesis.block
- ORDERER_GENERAL_LOCALMSPID=OrdererMSP
- ORDERER_GENERAL_LOCALMSPDIR=/var/hyperledger/orderer/msp
- ORDERER_GENERAL_LISTENPORT=7050
# enabled TLS
- ORDERER_GENERAL_TLS_ENABLED=true
- ORDERER_GENERAL_TLS_PRIVATEKEY=/var/hyperledger/orderer/tls/server.key
- ORDERER_GENERAL_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/var/hyperledger/orderer/tls/server.crt
- ORDERER_GENERAL_TLS_ROOTCAS=[/var/hyperledger/orderer/tls/ca.crt, /var/hyperledger/peerOrg1/tls/ca.crt, /var/hyperledger/peerOrg2/tls/ca.crt]
working_dir: /opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric
command: orderer
ports:
- 7050:7050
volumes:
- ./artifacts/genesis.block:/var/hyperledger/orderer/orderer.genesis.block
- ./crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp:/var/hyperledger/orderer/msp
- ./crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/tls:/var/hyperledger/orderer/tls
- ./crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/peers/peer0.org1.example.com/:/var/hyperledger/peerOrg1
- ./crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org2.example.com/peers/peer0.org2.example.com/:/var/hyperledger/peerOrg2
networks:
default:
aliases:
- orderer.example.com(3) ca配置
ca.org1.example.com:
image: hyperledger/fabric-ca
environment:
- FABRIC_CA_HOME=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CA_NAME=ca.org1.example.com
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CA_CERTFILE=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server-config/ca.org1.example.com-cert.pem
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CA_KEYFILE=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server-config/b4a9a9585aebe52646e1987d4eca4a0ecf3f0ab688ca7924c07249c0303553ba_sk
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_TLS_ENABLED=true
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_TLS_CERTFILE=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server-config/ca.org1.example.com-cert.pem
- FABRIC_CA_SERVER_TLS_KEYFILE=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server-config/b4a9a9585aebe52646e1987d4eca4a0ecf3f0ab688ca7924c07249c0303553ba_sk
ports:
- "7054:7054"
command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -b admin:adminpw -d'
volumes:
- ./crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/ca/:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca-server-config
container_name: ca.org1.example.com
networks:
default:
aliases:
- ca.org1.example.com注意:
FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CA_KEYFILE与FABRIC_CA_SERVER_TLS_KEYFILE的参数值需要设置成
...fixtures/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/ca目录下面的私钥文件,否则会启动失败，报错证书与秘钥不匹配。
(4) Peer配置
peer0.org1.example.com 内容如下
peer0.org1.example.com:
image: hyperledger/fabric-peer
container_name: peer0.org1.example.com
environment:
peer1.org1.example.com内容如下
peer1.org1.example.com:
image: hyperledger/fabric-peer
container_name: peer1.org1.example.com
environment:
暂时只需要如上功能模块即可
将 fixtures 文件的所属修改为当前用户及组
$ sudo chown -R bruce:bruce ../fixtures为了检查网络是否正常工作，使用docker-compose同时启动或停止所有容器。 进入fixtures文件夹，运行：
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kongyixueyuan.com/bill/fixtures
$ docker-compose up启动完毕，将看到：两个peer，orderer和一个CA容器。 代表已成功创建了一个新的网络，可以随SDK一起使用。 要停止网络，请返回到上一个终端，按Ctrl+C并等待所有容器都停止。
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
932b5364664f hyperledger/fabric-peer "peer node start" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:7051->7051/tcp, 0.0.0.0:7053->7053/tcp peer0.org1.example.com
cf9385a5e1ae hyperledger/fabric-peer "peer node start" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:8051->7051/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8053->7053/tcp peer1.org1.example.com
a1cd2a83af57 hyperledger/fabric-orderer "orderer" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:7050->7050/tcp orderer.example.com
6a9a54d9d82b hyperledger/fabric-ca "/bin/sh -c 'fabric-…" 26 hours ago Up 26 hours 0.0.0.0:7054->7054/tcp ca.org1.example.com提示 ：当网络停止时，所有使用的容器都可以访问。 例如，这对检查日志非常有用。 可以用docker ps -a来看它们。 为了清理这些容器，需要使用docker rm $(docker ps -aq)将其删除，或者如果使用了docker-compose文件，请转至此文件的位置并运行docker-compose down 。
提示 ：可以在后台运行docker-compose命令以保持提示。 为此，请使用参数-d ，如下所示： docker-compose up -d 。 要停止容器，请在docker-compose.yaml所在的文件夹中运行命令： docker-compose stop （或docker-compose down进行清理停止所有容器）。
五.使用Fabric SDK Go
1.创建配置文件
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ticket
$ vim config.yaml配置文件内容如下：
name: "ticket-network"
# Describe what the target network is/does.
description: "The network which will host my first blockchain"
# Schema version of the content. Used by the SDK to apply the corresponding parsing rules.
version: 2
# The client section used by GO SDK.
client:
# Which organization does this application instance belong to? The value must be the name of an org
organization: Org1
logging:
level: info
# Global configuration for peer, event service and orderer timeouts
peer:
timeout:
connection: 3s
queryResponse: 45s
executeTxResponse: 30s
eventService:
timeout:
connection: 3s
registrationResponse: 3s
orderer:
timeout:
connection: 3s
response: 5s
# Root of the MSP directories with keys and certs. The Membership Service Providers is component that aims to offer an abstraction of a membership operation architecture.
cryptoconfig:
path: "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/kongyixueyuan.com/bill/fixtures/crypto-config"
# Some SDKs support pluggable KV stores, the properties under "credentialStore" are implementation specific
credentialStore:
path: "/tmp/bill-kvs"
# [Optional]. Specific to the CryptoSuite implementation used by GO SDK. Software-based implementations requiring a key store. PKCS#11 based implementations does not.
cryptoStore:
path: "/tmp/bill-msp"
# BCCSP config for the client. Used by GO SDK. It's the Blockchain Cryptographic Service Provider.
# It offers the implementation of cryptographic standards and algorithms.
BCCSP:
security:
enabled: true
default:
provider: "SW"
hashAlgorithm: "SHA2"
softVerify: true
ephemeral: false
level: 256
tlsCerts:
systemCertPool: false
# [Optional]. But most apps would have this section so that channel objects can be constructed based on the content below.
# If one of your application is creating channels, you might not use this
channels:
mychannel:
orderers:
- orderer.example.com
# Network entity which maintains a ledger and runs chaincode containers in order to perform operations to the ledger. Peers are owned and maintained by members.
peers:
peer0.org1.example.com:
# [Optional]. will this peer be sent transaction proposals for endorsement? The peer must
# have the chaincode installed. The app can also use this property to decide which peers
# to send the chaincode install request. Default: true
endorsingPeer: true
# [Optional]. will this peer be sent query proposals? The peer must have the chaincode
# installed. The app can also use this property to decide which peers to send the
# chaincode install request. Default: true
chaincodeQuery: true
# [Optional]. will this peer be sent query proposals that do not require chaincodes, like
# queryBlock(), queryTransaction(), etc. Default: true
ledgerQuery: true
# [Optional]. will this peer be the target of the SDK's listener registration? All peers can
# produce events but the app typically only needs to connect to one to listen to events.
# Default: true
eventSource: true
peer1.org1.example.com:
# List of participating organizations in this network
organizations:
Org1:
mspid: Org1MSP
cryptoPath: "peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/users/{userName}@org1.example.com/msp"
peers:
- peer0.org1.example.com
- peer1.org1.example.com
certificateAuthorities:
- ca.org1.example.com
# List of orderers to send transaction and channel create/update requests to.
# The orderers consent on the order of transactions in a block to be committed to the ledger. For the time being only one orderer is needed.
orderers:
orderer.example.com:
url: grpcs://localhost:7050
grpcOptions:
ssl-target-name-override: orderer.example.com
grpc-max-send-message-length: 15
tlsCACerts:
path: "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/ticket/fixtures/crypto-config/ordererOrganizations/example.com/tlsca/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem"
# List of peers to send various requests to, including endorsement, query and event listener registration.
peers:
peer0.org1.example.com:
# this URL is used to send endorsement and query requests
url: grpcs://localhost:7051
# this URL is used to connect the EventHub and registering event listeners
eventUrl: grpcs://localhost:7053
# These parameters should be set in coordination with the keepalive policy on the server
grpcOptions:
ssl-target-name-override: peer0.org1.example.com
grpc.http2.keepalive_time: 15
tlsCACerts:
path: "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/ticket/fixtures/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/tlsca/tlsca.org1.example.com-cert.pem"
peer1.org1.example.com:
url: grpcs://localhost:8051
eventUrl: grpcs://localhost:8053
grpcOptions:
ssl-target-name-override: peer1.org1.example.com
grpc.http2.keepalive_time: 15
tlsCACerts:
# Certificate location absolute path
path: "${GOPATH}/src/github.com/ticket/fixtures/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1.example.com/tlsca/tlsca.org1.example.com-cert.pem"
# Fabric-CA is a special kind of Certificate Authority provided by Hyperledger Fabric which allows certificate management to be done via REST APIs.
certificateAuthorities:
ca.org1.example.com:
url: https://localhost:7054
# the properties specified under this object are passed to the 'http' client verbatim when making the request to the Fabric-CA server
httpOptions:
verify: false
registrar:
enrollId: admin
enrollSecret: adminpw
caName: ca.org1.example.com以上配置文件模板可以通过config.yaml获取
创建一个blockchain的新文件夹，其中将包含与区块链网络通讯的所有接口。
$ mkdir blockchain
$ vim blockchain/setup.go代码如下
package blockchain
import (
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go/api/apitxn/resmgmtclient"
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go/pkg/fabsdk"
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go/pkg/config"
"fmt"
"github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go/api/apitxn/chmgmtclient"
"time"
)
//定义结构体
type FabricSetup struct {
ConfigFile string //sdk配置文件所在路径
ChannelID string //应用通道名称
ChannelConfig string //应用通道交易配置文件所在路径
OrgAdmin string // 组织管理员名称
OrgName string //组织名称
Initialized bool //是否初始化
Admin resmgmtclient.ResourceMgmtClient //fabric环境中资源管理者
SDK *fabsdk.FabricSDK //SDK实例
}
//1. 创建SDK实例并使用SDK实例创建应用通道，将Peer节点加入到创建的应用通道中
func (f *FabricSetup) Initialize() error {
//判断是否已经初始化
if f.Initialized {
return fmt.Errorf("SDK已被实例化")
}
//创建SDK对象
sdk, err := fabsdk.New(config.FromFile(f.ConfigFile))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("SDK实例化失败:%v", err)
}
f.SDK = sdk
//创建一个具有管理权限的应用通道客户端管理对象
chmClient, err := f.SDK.NewClient(fabsdk.WithUser(f.OrgAdmin), fabsdk.WithOrg(f.OrgName)).ChannelMgmt()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("创建应用通道管理客户端管理对象失败,%v", err)
}
//获取当前的会话用户对象
session, err := f.SDK.NewClient(fabsdk.WithUser(f.OrgAdmin), fabsdk.WithOrg(f.OrgName)).Session()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("获取当前会话用户对象失败%v", err)
}
orgAdminUser := session
//指定创建应用通道所需要的所有参数
/*
$ peer channel create -o orderer.example.com:7050 -c $CHANNEL_NAME -f ./channel-artifacts/channel.tx --tls --cafile \
/opt/gopath/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/peer/crypto/ordererOrganizations/example.com/orderers/orderer.example.com/msp/tlscacerts/tlsca.example.com-cert.pem
*/
chReq := chmgmtclient.SaveChannelRequest{ChannelID: f.ChannelID, ChannelConfig: f.ChannelConfig, SigningIdentity: orgAdminUser}
//创建应用通道
err = chmClient.SaveChannel(chReq)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("创建应用通道失败:%v", err)
}
time.Sleep(time.Second * 5)
//创建一个管理资源的客户端对象
f.Admin, err = f.SDK.NewClient(fabsdk.WithUser(f.OrgAdmin)).ResourceMgmt()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("创建资源管理对象失败:%v", err)
}
//将peer 节点加入到应用通道中
err = f.Admin.JoinChannel(f.ChannelID)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("peer加入节点失败:%v", err)
}
f.Initialized = true
fmt.Println("SDK实例化成功")
return nil
}该测试代码可以从blockchain/setup.go获取
在这个阶段
初始化一个客户端，它将与 peer，CA 和 orderer进行通信。
为了确保客户端能够初始化所有组件，将在启动网络的情况下进行简单的测试。 为了做到这一点，我们需要构建主程序代码进行功能调用
$ vim main.go
package main
import (
"FabricDev/ticket/blockchain"
"os"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
fsetup := blockchain.FabricSetup{
ConfigFile: "config.yaml",
ChannelID: "mychannel",
ChannelConfig: os.Getenv("GOPATH") + "src/github.com/ticket/fixtures/artifacts/channel.tx",
OrgAdmin: "Admin",
OrgName: "Org1",
}
err := fsetup.Initialize()
if err != nil {
fmt.Errorf("Fabric SDK初始化失败:%v", err)
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
}代码模板:main.go
在开始编译之前，最后一件事是使用一个vendor目录来包含我们所有的依赖关系。 在我们的GOPATH中，我们有Fabric SDK Go和其他项目。 当尝试编译应用程序时，Golang会在GOPATH中搜索依赖项，但首先会检查项目中是否存在vendor文件夹。 如果依赖性得到满足，那么Golang就不会去看GOPATH或GOROOT。 这在使用几个不同版本的依赖关系时非常有用（可能会发生一些冲突，比如在例子中有多个BCCSP定义，通过使用像dep这样的工具来处理这些依赖关系在vendor目录中。
$ vim Gopkg.toml配置文件内容
[[constraint]]
name = "github.com/hyperledger/fabric"
revision = "014d6befcf67f3787bb3d67ff34e1a98dc6aec5f"
[[constraint]]
name = "github.com/hyperledger/fabric-sdk-go"
revision = "614551a752802488988921a730b172dada7def1d"这是dep一个限制，以便在 vendor 中指定希望SDK转到特定版本。
保存该文件，然后执行此命令将vendor目录与项目的依赖关系同步：
$ dep ensure
$ls vendor -l //查看vendor目录内容
drwxrwxr-x 13 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 20 14:06 github.com
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 20 14:06 golang.org
drwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 20 14:06 google.golang.org
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 20 14:06 gopkg.in5.构建代码
$go build //构建代码生成ticket可执行文件
$ls ticket -l
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bruce bruce 19784971 Jul 20 14:06 ticket6.执行命令
$ ./ticket
[fabric_sdk_go] 2018/07/21 09:19:23 UTC - config.initConfig -> INFO config fabric_sdk_go logging level is set to: INFO
SDK实例化成功7.清理环境
Fabric SDK生成一些文件，如证书，二进制文件和临时文件。 关闭网络不会完全清理环境，当需要重新启动时，这些文件将被重复使用以避免构建过程。 对于开发，可以快速测试，但对于真正的测试，需要清理所有内容并从头开始。
如何清理环境
docker ps -a --no-trunc | grep "bill" | cut -d ' ' -f 1 2>/dev/nulldocker images --no-trunc | grep "bill" | cut -d ' ' -f 1 2>/dev/null如何更有效率？
可以在一个步骤中自动完成所有这些任务。 构建和启动过程也可以自动化。 为此，将创建一个Makefile。 首先，确保 make 工具：
make --version
如果没有安装make （Ubuntu）：
sudo apt install make 然后使用以下内容在项目的根目录下创建一个名为Makefile的文件：
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kongyixueyuan.com/bill
$ vim Makefile
.PHONY: all dev clean build env-up env-down run
all: clean build env-up run
dev: build run
##### BUILD
build:
@echo "Build ..."
@dep ensure
@go build
@echo "Build done"
##### ENV
env-up:
@echo "Start environment ..."
@cd fixtures && docker-compose up --force-recreate -d
@echo "Sleep 15 seconds in order to let the environment setup correctly"
@sleep 15
@echo "Environment up"
env-down:
@echo "Stop environment ..."
@cd fixtures && docker-compose down
@echo "Environment down"
##### RUN
run:
@echo "Start app ..."
@./ticket
##### CLEAN
clean: env-down
@echo "Clean up ..."
@rm -rf /tmp/bill-* bill
@docker rm -f -v `docker ps -a --no-trunc | grep "ticket" | cut -d ' ' -f 1` 2>/dev/null || true
@docker rmi `docker images --no-trunc | grep "ticket" | cut -d ' ' -f 1` 2>/dev/null || true
@echo "Clean up done"现在完成任务：
要使用它，请进入项目的根目录并使用make命令：
