这篇文章主要介绍了python3爬虫怎么用多线程获取素材，具有一定借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下。希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获。下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
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几个关键点：
1.素材图片的获取
素材图存在不少情况，无图，单图，多图等都有可能存在
xpath获取图片
imgs = req.xpath('//div[@class="contentinfo"]/table//@src')条件判断，看是否存在图片
if imgs:
遍历获取图片
for img in imgs:
图片后缀的获取
suffix = os.path.splitext(img)[1]
2.是否能够下载，素材是否有下载权限
如果能够下载，获取到下载相关数据，下载路径链接以及素材包名，不能下载则返回为空
if int(req.xpath('//div[@class="download"]/dl[@class="downlink"]/dd[1]/b/text()')[0]) == 0:
down_url = req.xpath('//div[@class="download"]/dl[@class="downlink"]/dt/li/a/@href')[0]
down_name = f'{h3}/{h3}.rar'
down_data=down_url, down_name
print(down_data)
else:
down_data=[]3.队列的使用，老生常谈
队列只能传递一个参数！！！
data=text_data,img_data,down_data self.down_queue.put(data)
4.一些能程序能够运行的设置
a.sleep操作延迟
time.sleep(1)
b.队列容器的设定
一般而言，往大了设置，哪个队列数据更多，则设置更多
page_queue = Queue(1000) down_queue = Queue(1500)
采集效果：
附源码：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 20200516 by 微信公众号：二爷记
import requests, os,time
from lxml import etree
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import threading
from queue import Queue
# 生产者模式
class Procuder(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, page_queue, down_queue, *args, **kwargs):
super(Procuder, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.page_queue = page_queue
self.down_queue = down_queue
self.ua = UserAgent()
self.headers = {"User-Agent": self.ua.random}
def run(self):
while True:
if self.page_queue.empty():
break
url = self.page_queue.get()
self.parse(url)
def parse(self, url):
print(f'>>> 正在抓取列表页 {url} 数据...')
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=6).content.decode("gbk")
time.sleep(1)
req = etree.HTML(response)
urllist = req.xpath('//dl[@class="imglist"]/dt/ul[@class="listimg"]/li/span[@class="listpic"]/a/@href')
print(len(urllist))
print(urllist)
for href in urllist:
try:
self.parse_page(href)
except Exception as e:
print(f'获取详情数据失败，错误代码：{e}')
def parse_page(self, url):
print(f'>>> 正在抓取详情页 {url} 数据...')
response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=6).content.decode("gbk")
time.sleep(1)
req = etree.HTML(response)
h3 = req.xpath('//div[@class="arcinfo"]/h3/text()')[0]
print(h3)
article = req.xpath('//div[@class="contentinfo"]/table//text()')
article = ''.join(article)
article = article.strip()
print(article)
texts = f'{h3}\n{article}'
text_data=h3,texts
imgs = req.xpath('//div[@class="contentinfo"]/table//@src')
if imgs:
i = 1
for img in imgs:
img_url = f'http://www.uimaker.com{img}'
suffix = os.path.splitext(img)[1]
img_name = f'{i}{suffix}'
img_data=img_url, img_name
print(img_data)
i = i + 1
if int(req.xpath('//div[@class="download"]/dl[@class="downlink"]/dd[1]/b/text()')[0]) == 0:
down_url = req.xpath('//div[@class="download"]/dl[@class="downlink"]/dt/li/a/@href')[0]
down_name = f'{h3}/{h3}.rar'
down_data=down_url, down_name
print(down_data)
else:
down_data=[]
data=text_data,img_data,down_data
self.down_queue.put(data)
# 消费者模式
class Consumer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, page_queue, down_queue, *args, **kwargs):
super(Consumer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.page_queue = page_queue
self.down_queue = down_queue
self.ua = UserAgent()
self.headers = {"User-Agent": self.ua.random}
def run(self):
while True:
if self.page_queue.empty() and self.down_queue.empty():
break
text_data,img_data,down_data=self.down_queue.get()
h3,texts=text_data
os.makedirs(f'{h3}/', exist_ok=True) #创建目录
self.get_text(h3, texts)
img_url,img_name=img_data
self.get_downimg(h3, img_url, img_name)
if down_data !=[]:
down_url, down_name = down_data
self.down(down_url, down_name)
# 保存文本内容
def get_text(self, h3, texts):
print("开始保存文本内容...")
with open(f'{h3}/{h3}.txt', 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(texts)
print(">>>保存文本内容完成！")
# 下载图片
def get_downimg(self, h3, img_url, img_name):
print("开始下载图片...")
r = requests.get(img_url, headers=self.headers, timeout=6)
time.sleep(1)
with open(f'{h3}/{img_name}', 'wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
print(">>>下载图片完成！")
# 下载素材
def down(self, down_url, down_name):
print("开始下载素材...")
r = requests.get(down_url, headers=self.headers, timeout=6)
time.sleep(1)
with open(down_name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
print(">>>下载素材完成！")
def main():
page_queue = Queue(1000)
down_queue = Queue(1500)
for i in range(1, 71):
url = f"http://www.uimaker.com/uimakerdown/list_36_{i}.html"
print(f'>>> 正在爬取 第{i + 1}页 列表页，链接：{url} ...')
page_queue.put(url)
for x in range(3):
t = Procuder(page_queue, down_queue)
t.start()
for x in range(6):
t = Consumer(page_queue, down_queue)
t.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()感谢你能够认真阅读完这篇文章，希望小编分享python3爬虫怎么用多线程获取素材内容对大家有帮助，同时也希望大家多多支持创新互联，关注创新互联行业资讯频道，遇到问题就找创新互联，详细的解决方法等着你来学习!
