这篇文章主要讲解了C++如何实现线性表链式存储，内容清晰明了，对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下，相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。
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实现的功能：
1、定义了三中传入不同参数的构造函数，用于初始化创建不同的链表；
2、能实现增、删、查等基本功能；
存在的问题：
当创建一个已知大小的空链表后，链表中的数据并不为空,见下图：
下面是代码及测试结果：
singlelinklist.h
#pragma once
#include "iostream"
#include "exception"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "malloc.h"
using namespace std;
//结点类
template
class Node
{
public:
T data;
Node *next;
Node()
{
this->next = NULL;
}
Node(T data, Node* next = NULL)
{
this->data = data;
}
~Node() {};
};
//定义链表类
template
class SLinkList
{
public:
Node node; //结点
Node* head; //头指针
SLinkList(); //创建链表
SLinkList(int num, T elem[]);
SLinkList(int num);
~SLinkList();
int LengthSLinkList(); //表长
void InsertNode(int i, T elem); //插入结点
void InsertNode(T elem);
void DeleteNode(int i); //删除结点
void DeleteAllNode(); //删除表
T GetElem(int i); //按序号查找
int* GetNum(T elem); //按元素查找
void OutputList(); //输出
};
template
SLinkList::SLinkList()
{
Node* p = new Node();
this->head = p;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
template
SLinkList::SLinkList(int num, T elem[])
{
try
{
if(num < 1)
throw length_error("输入初始化num参数必须大于1！");
else
{
Node* p = new Node();
this->head = p;
Node* temp = this->head;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
temp->next = new Node(*(elem + i)); //这里犯了一个错，就是把elem[i]直接丢进去，（）里面放的是T类型初始值，实参传进来的是T* elem[]，无法用下标进行访问
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = NULL;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
}
catch(length_error e)
{
cout << "info:" << e.what() << endl;
exit(1);
}
}
template
SLinkList::SLinkList(int num)
{
try
{
if (num < 1)
throw length_error("输入初始化参数num必须大于1！");
else
{
Node* p = new Node();
this->head = p;
Node* temp = this->head;
for(int i = 1; i <= num; i++)
{
temp->next = new Node();
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = NULL;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
}
catch(length_error e)
{
cout << "info:" << e.what() << endl;
exit(0);
}
}
//调用函数析构
/*
template
SLinkList::~SLinkList()
{
this->DeleteAllNode();
}
*/
template
SLinkList::~SLinkList()
{
Node* p = this->head;
Node* temp = p->next;
Node* q = NULL;
while(temp)
{
q = temp;
temp = temp->next;
delete q;
}
delete p;
delete temp;
cout << "finish ~SLinkList()" << endl;
}
template
int SLinkList::LengthSLinkList()
{
int count = 0;
Node* p = this->head;
Node* temp = p->next;
while (temp)
{
count++;
temp = temp->next;
}
return count;
}
template
void SLinkList::InsertNode(int i, T elem)
{
try
{
if(i<1 || i>LengthSLinkList() + 1)
throw out_of_range("输入的参数i值超出了链表的范围！");
else
{
if (i != LengthSLinkList()+1) //1-len之间插入
{
Node* Elem = new Node(elem);
Node* temp = this->head;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)
temp = temp->next;
Node* p = temp->next;
temp->next = Elem;
Elem->next = p;
}
else
InsertNode(elem); //在末尾插入
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
}
catch(out_of_range e)
{
cout << "info:" << e.what() << endl;
exit(0);
}
}
template
void SLinkList::InsertNode(T elem) //末尾插入
{
Node* Elem = new Node(elem);
Node* temp = this->head;
Node* p = NULL;
while (temp)
{
p = temp;
temp = temp->next;
}
p->next = Elem;
Elem->next = NULL;
cout << "finnish!" << endl;
}
template
void SLinkList::DeleteNode(int i) //返回的是被删除的值
{
try
{
if (i<1 || i > LengthSLinkList())
throw out_of_range("输入的参数i值超出了链表的范围！");
else
{
Node* temp = this->head;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)
temp = temp->next;
Node *p = temp->next;
temp->next = p->next;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
}
catch(out_of_range e)
{
cout << "info:" << e.what() << endl;
exit(1);
}
}
template
void SLinkList::DeleteAllNode()
{
Node* temp = this->head;
int count = this->LengthSLinkList();
while(count)
{
DeleteNode(count);
count--;
}
delete temp;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
}
template
T SLinkList::GetElem(int i)
{
try
{
if(i<1 || i > LengthSLinkList())
throw out_of_range("输入参数i值超出了链表的范围！");
else
{
Node* temp = this->head;
for(int j = 1; j <=i; j++)
temp = temp->next;
cout << "finish!" << endl;
cout << "finish! " << endl;
return temp->data;
}
}
catch(out_of_range e)
{
cout << "info:" << e.what() << endl;
exit(1);
}
}
template
int* SLinkList::GetNum(T elem)
{
Node* p = this->head;
Node* temp = p->next;
int* count = new int[LengthSLinkList()];
int j = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= LengthSLinkList(); i++)
{
if(temp->data == elem)
{
count[j] = i;
j++;
}
else
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << "finish!" << endl;
return count;
}
template
void SLinkList::OutputList()
{
Node* p = this->head;
Node* temp = p->next;
cout << "output list：" ;
for(int i = 1; i <= LengthSLinkList(); i++)
{
cout << temp->data << " " ;
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
main.cpp
#include "iostream"
#include "singlelinklist.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//Init:测试初始化构造函数
//operator:测试增、删、查
//标注行代码为异常测试，主要包括length_error和out_of_range
//最后输出的是析构函数，下面代码行中未给出，见.h文件中的析构函数定义
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test Innit" << endl;
SLinkList sqlinklist1;
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test Init" << endl;
int num = 5;
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
cout << "input list:" ;
for(int i = 0; i < num; i++)
cout << a[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
SLinkList sqlinklist2(num, a);
cout << "length:" << sqlinklist2.LengthSLinkList() << endl;
sqlinklist2.OutputList();
cout << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//SLinkList error1(0, a);
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test Init" << endl;
int num1 = 5;
SLinkList slistlink3(num1);
cout << "length:" << slistlink3.LengthSLinkList() << endl;
slistlink3.OutputList();
cout << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//SLinkList errror(0);
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test operation" << endl;
sqlinklist2.InsertNode(2, 1996);
sqlinklist2.OutputList();
cout << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//error.InsertNode(0, 0);
//error.InsertNode(7, 0);
cout << "test operation" << endl;
sqlinklist2.InsertNode(256);
sqlinklist2.OutputList();
cout << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//error.InsertNode(0);
//error.InsertNode(7);
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test operation" << endl;
sqlinklist2.DeleteNode(1);
sqlinklist2.OutputList();
cout << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//error.DeleteNode(18);
//cout << "test operation" << endl;
//sqlinklist2.DeleteAllNode();
cout << "**************************************************" << endl;
cout << "test operation" << endl;
cout << "num '2' is:" << sqlinklist2.GetElem(2) << endl;
//cout << "test error" << endl;
//error.DeleteNode(18);
cout << "test operation" << endl;
cout << "elem '2' is :" << *(sqlinklist2.GetNum(2)) << endl;
cout << endl;
return 0;
}看完上述内容，是不是对C++如何实现线性表链式存储有进一步的了解，如果还想学习更多内容，欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道。
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