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php网站实现负载均衡的方法：1、准备好虚拟机；2、通过yum方式安装php；3、加入配置“pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid”；4、通过yum方式安装nginx；5、编写nginx启动脚本，添加配置为“NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"”。
本教程操作环境：linux5.9.8系统、PHP8.1版、DELL G3电脑
nginx+php 实现代理与负载均衡 （1台nginx，2台php）
实验准备
3台虚拟机
192.168.239.136/192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144
1 安装php 192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144
安装之前先做好这些准备工作（安装基础环境）
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y libxml2-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-static.x86_64 libpng-devel.x86_64 libpng-static.x86_64 freetype-devel.x86_64 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel compat-libstdc++-33 libstdc++-static gcc libmcrypt-devel lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make man vim tree unzip wget curl lua-devel lua-static GeoIP GeoIP-devel patch libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel gd gd-devel autoconf m4 pcre-devel.x86_64 pcre-static.x86_64 lrzsz ntp libcurl-devel.x86_64 libtool-ltdl-devel.x86_64
下载php源码包到 /usr/local/src cd /usr/local/src
解压 cd 解压目录 useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-MySQL=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --enable-zend-multibyte --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl
make && make install
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini 拷贝配置文件
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 拷贝启动脚本
mv /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
> /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim !$ 加入如下配置
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www] listen = 192.168.239.140:9000 （IP是php本机IP或者0.0.0.0，不能是127.0.0.1）user = php-fpm group = php-fpmlisten.owner = nobody listen.group = nobody pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024
slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/slow.logrequest_slowlog_timeout = 1
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/data/www/:/tmp/
/usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start netstat -lnpt 查看是否有监听 192.168.239.140：9000
mkdir -p /tmp/tmp
vim /tmp/tmp/index.php 创建动态测试文件，写入如下
dongtaiqingqiu 1
2.第二台安装php （安装编译都不变，配置文件IP更改为 192.168.239.144：9000 最后index.php 中dongtaiqingqiu 1改为dongtaiqingqiu2 ）
3.安装nginx
下载源码包到 /usr/local/src cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
解压 cd 解压目录
yum install -y pcre-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre
make
make install
4. 编写nginx启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx 加入如下配置
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
保存后，执行
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx 或者 chmod 755 ！$ 修改权限
service nginx start 启动nginx
5. 配置反向代理
> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 加入如下配置
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
配置代理
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/php.conf 加入如下配置
upstream mysvr {
#weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
server 192.168.239.144:9000 weight=2;
server 192.168.239.140:9000 weight=1;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.q.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass mysvr;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /tmp/tmp$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检测配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload （直接重新加载配置，不需要重启）
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.html 创建静态测试文件，写入
jingtaifangwen
设置本地解析
修改windons hosts（地址 c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts）记事本打开，最下面添加一行配置
192.168.239.136 www.q.com
测试：最好用谷歌浏览器 （如下显示 代理成功）
访问 www.q.com 显示的是nginx 默认页
访问 www.q.com/.html 显示的jingtaifangwen
访问 www.q.com/index.php 多刷新几次 会显示 dongtaifangwen1 一次 dongtaifangwen2 两次
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