小编这次要给大家分享的是Docker容器如何实现网络管理和网络隔离，文章内容丰富，感兴趣的小伙伴可以来了解一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后能够有所收获。
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一、Docker网络的管理
1、Docker容器的方式
1）Docker访问外网
Docker容器连接到宿主机的Docker0网桥访问外网；默认自动将docker0网桥添加到docker容器中。
2）容器和容器之间通信
需要管理员创建网桥；将不同的容器连接到网桥上实现容器和容器之间相互访问。
3）外部网络访问容器
通过端口映射或者同步docker宿主机网络配置实现通信。
2、Docker容器网络通信的模式
1）bridge
默认容器访问外网通信使用；依赖docker0网桥。
2）none
需要给容器创建独立的网络命名空间；不会给创建的容器配置TCP/IP信息。
3）container
容器和容器通信使用；容器需要共享容器名称空间，通过共享容器名称空间实现不同容器通信。
4）host
容器内部网络和宿主机保持同步。
3、配置bridge网络通信模式
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@centos01 ~]# yum -y install docker
[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@centos01 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@centos01 ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools
[root@centos01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hub.c.163.com/public/centos 7.2-tools 4a4618db62b9 3 years ago 515 MB
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -d --net=bridge --name centos7.201 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools
b308fb5c097fd455073f2f4a280d2660e6943fe1a62d6409e8ebcd3b86469438
[root@centos01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b308fb5c097f hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" 20 seconds ago Up 19 seconds 22/tcp centos7.201
[root@centos01 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.201 /bin/bash
[root@b308fb5c097f /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@b308fb5c097f /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (39.156.66.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18: icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=18.4 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18: icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=18.3 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18: icmp_seq=3 ttl=50 time=16.9 ms
[root@b308fb5c097f /]# ping 192.168.100.10
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.150 ms4、配置none网络通信模式
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -d --net=none --name centos7.202 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools
e2c4837d67818e7ef4d7cedf964db21d98cabb594d12091d7f69da4e8fb3f30f
[root@centos01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2c4837d6781 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" 57 seconds ago Up 56 seconds centos7.202
b308fb5c097f hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 22/tcp centos7.201
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.202 /bin/bash
[root@e2c4837d6781 /]# ifconfig
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
[root@e2c4837d6781 /]# ping www.baidu.com
ping: unknown host www.baidu.com
[root@e2c4837d6781 /]#
[root@e2c4837d6781 /]# ping 192.168.100.10
connect: Network is unreachable5、配置host网络通信模式
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -d --net=host --name centos7.203 -v /data1 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools
2911358be486720c4ee93c8de22cd77301236f48c5baf22ea63bb3c54450032e
[root@centos01 ~]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/
dc755f3b6036f167471435629918d06264e1c2c6a8b175426fa80da36143a87e metadata.db
[root@centos01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2911358be486 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" About a minute ago Up About a minute centos7.203
e2c4837d6781 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes centos7.202
b308fb5c097f hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools "/usr/bin/supervisord" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 22/tcp centos7.201
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.203 /bin/bash
[root@centos01 /]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ens32: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
ens34: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.126 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
vethc39178a: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::7c4b:a6ff:fe1c:a37f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
virbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.203 /bin/bash
[root@centos01 /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (39.156.66.14) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.14: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=20.0 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.14: icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=19.1 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.14: icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=15.9 ms
[root@centos01 /]# ping 192.168.100.10
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.020 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
[root@centos01 ~]# cp /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz ./
[root@centos01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@centos01 ~]# cp nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz /var/lib/docker/volumes/dc755f3b6036f167471435629918d06264e1c2c6a8b175426fa80da36143a87e/_data/
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.203 /bin/bash
[root@centos01 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin data1 dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@centos01 /]# cd data1/
[root@centos01 data1]# ls
nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@centos01 /]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel
[root@centos01 /]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@centos01 /]# tar zxvf /data1/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos01 /]#yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel make
[root@centos01 /]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# echo "www.docker.nginx.com" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6268/nginx: master
[root@centos01 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10
www.docker.nginx.com
[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
192.168.100.10 - - [12/May/2020:21:42:47 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "curl/7.29.0"6、配置docker0网卡参数
[root@centos01 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl stop docker
[root@centos01 ~]# ip link set dev docker0 down
[root@centos01 ~]# brctl delbr docker0
[root@centos01 ~]# brctl addbr docker0
[root@centos01 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.20.1/24 dev dokcer0
[root@centos01 ~]# ip link set dev docker0 up
[root@centos01 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors":["https://6kx4zyno.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}
{"bip":"192.168.20.1/24"}
[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@centos01 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -it -d --name centos7.2v1 hub.c.163.com/public/centos:7.2-tools
d0b5392e60cef37f3c44d79a9fb73916720cfc44faa7b73862bee05fb2d6ce7b
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos7.2v1 /bin/bash
[root@d0b5392e60ce /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.20.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
二、Docker网络隔离
1、Docker网络隔离原理
需要管理创建网络空间名称；将不同的容器加载到不同的网络空间名称中实现隔离；默认不配置网络隔离默认给容器分配的docker0网络空间名称。
2、Docker容器自带的网络空间名称类型
- bridge：容器桥接到docker0网桥上；
- host：容器同步docker宿主机的网络配置信息；
- none：不创建网络，docker容器不需要配置TCP/IP信息；
3、配置Docker网络名称空间隔离
[root@centos01 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
8bb953004416 bridge bridge local
2c18234cad82 host host local
67860e823c36 none null local
[root@centos01 ~]# docker network create -d bridge liyanxin
0c69de4672ec173dc4c60b19e0bf93b361f45a804859f7bc2105d85ca83b1169
[root@centos01 ~]# docker network create -d bridge gongsunli
35687468c9034262173a96e9c23e045cbb8b7ffa6648fc84e015504740815001
[root@centos01 ~]# ifconfig
br-0c69de4672ec: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 172.18.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
br-35687468c903: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 172.19.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -it -d --name centos6.701 --network=liyanxin hub.c.163.com/public/centos:6.7-tools
b85a2d8419a98756369ddc3b78247d3d42c178e8e563a936fe973f2f6611f951
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos6.701 /bin/bash
[root@b85a2d8419a9 /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:02
inet addr:172.18.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -it -d --name centos6.702 --network=gongsunli hub.c.163.com/public/centos:6.7-tools
9af0fb7b85af3270f3c7c44b62438f436b22289ac0a7604d6ed522604b7b185f
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos6.702 /bin/bash
[root@9af0fb7b85af /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:13:00:02
inet addr:172.19.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
三、配置网桥实现网络隔离
1、配置网桥实现网络隔离的目的
实现Docker宿主机的容器跨Docker宿主机的容器通信使用。
2、配置网桥实现网络隔离原理
将物理网卡桥接到创建的网桥网卡上；给网桥网卡配置IP地址；创建容器加载网桥网卡实现；docker宿主机容器跨docker宿主机容器通信；管理员管理docker宿主机通过网桥网卡进行远程管理
3、配置docker网桥实现网络隔离
[root@centos01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@centos01 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
[root@centos01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@centos01 ~]# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
br-0c69de4672ec: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.18.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
br-35687468c903: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.19.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
docker0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ens32: flags=4163 mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:18:d3:26 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
ens34: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::4ad2:dd37:4341:5d8e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
veth7b0bb5f: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::ccd3:86ff:fee6:5725 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
veth7e0f471: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::684c:fdff:fe13:b436 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
virbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
[root@centos01 ~]# yum -y install git
[root@centos01 ~]# git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework
[root@centos01 ~]# cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
[root@centos01 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/pipework
[root@centos01 ~]# docker run -d --name centos6.703 --network=none hub.c.163.com/public/centos:6.7-tools
adea0ad48bdde947ec595382d96cba06eb6522ec046e9b3c7bfcb1edb5c84545
[root@centos01 ~]# pipework br0 centos6.703 192.168.100.101/24
[root@centos01 ~]# docker exec -it centos6.703 /bin/bash
[root@adea0ad48bdd /]# ifconfig
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FA:3A:9D:ED:C0:FF
inet addr:192.168.100.101 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@adea0ad48bdd /]# ping 192.168.100.10
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms4、配置docker宿主机容器和docker宿主机容器通信
[root@centos02 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (39.156.66.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=19.5 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=17.3 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.18 (39.156.66.18): icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=18.1 ms
[root@centos02 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@centos02 yum.repos.d]# ls
local.repo
[root@centos02 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@centos02 ~]# yum install docker -y
[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@centos02 ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/public/centos:6.7-tools
[root@centos02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hub.c.163.com/public/centos 6.7-tools b2ab0ed558bb 3 years ago 602 MB
[root@centos02 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@centos02 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
[root@centos02 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.20
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@centos02 ~]# ifconfig
br0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
docker0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ens32: flags=4163 mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:97:5c:9f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
ens34: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.104 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
virbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
[root@centos02 ~]# yum -y install git
[root@centos02 ~]# git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework
[root@centos02 ~]# cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
[root@centos02 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/pipework
[root@centos02 ~]# docker run -d --name centos6.7 --network=none hub.c.163.com/public/centos:6.7-tools
abec0a6bd3822a2fd702dc44d1cf3043648aadd1a661e577c23701e30ee9df7a
[root@centos02 ~]# pipework br0 centos6.7 192.168.100.102/24
[root@centos02 ~]# docker exec -it centos6.7 /bin/bash
[root@abec0a6bd382 /]# ifconfig
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr EE:01:B7:99:90:1C
inet addr:192.168.100.102 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@abec0a6bd382 /]# ping 192.168.100.101
PING 192.168.100.101 (192.168.100.101) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.101: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.660 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.101: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.865 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.101: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.382 ms
[root@abec0a6bd382 /]# ping 192.168.100.10
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.632 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.732 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.796 ms
[root@abec0a6bd382 /]# ping 192.168.100.20
PING 192.168.100.20 (192.168.100.20) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.144 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.20: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms看完这篇关于Docker容器如何实现网络管理和网络隔离的文章，如果觉得文章内容写得不错的话，可以把它分享出去给更多人看到。
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